Global demand for beef is projected to increase into the foreseeable future (Smith et al. 2018). Thus, affordable, efficient, humane, and low–environmental impact production systems must evolve keep pace. Unfortunately, efforts satisfy growing appetites nutritious inexpensive necessitate significant reallocation of natural resources ultimately produce more wastes than can reasonably be accommod...

Over 10,000 arthropod species are currently considered to be pest organisms. They are estimated to contribute to the destruction of ~14% of the world's annual crop production and transmit many pathogens. Presently, arthropod pests of agricultural and health significance are controlled predominantly through the use of chemical insecticides. Unfortunately, the widespread use of these agrochemical...

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes wilting and white rot in several species such as strawberry. The overuse of agrochemicals has caused environmental pollution plant resistance to phytopathogens. Inoculation crops with beneficial microorganisms arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), their metabolites considered an alternative agro...

The lake Anasagar is a perennial, shallow fresh wetland situated in the heart of Ajmer city. It is degraded because of anthropogenic activities including input of detergents, agricultural activities, sewage disposal and human settlement around the lake. It is also a major tourist attraction for boating and recreational activities. Trapa bispinosa is the primary cash crop, comprises about 50% of...

Bees are key pollinators whose population numbers are declining, in part, owing to the effects of different stressors such as insecticides and fungicides. We have analysed the susceptibility of the Africanized honeybee, Apis mellifera, and the stingless bee, Partamona helleri, to commercial formulations of the insecticides deltamethrin and imidacloprid. The toxicity of fungicides based on thiop...

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) is prominent among vegetables produced in Ghana. About ninety percent (90%) of the population of the study area are engaged primarily in tomato production. Due to the problem posed by pests and diseases and the vulnerability of vegetables to most of these pests and diseases, a variety of pesticides including organophosphates, Organochlorines, carbamates, and syn...

Each year, crop yield is lost to weeds competing for resources, insect herbivory and diseases caused by pathogens. To thwart these insults and preserve yield security and a high quality of traits, conventional agriculture makes use of improved cultivars combined with fertilizer and agrochemical applications. However, given that regulatory bodies and consumers are demanding environmentally safer...

Agriculture is adversely affected by numerous pests like bacteria, fungi, weeds and insects, leading to reduced yield and poor quality of the produce [1]. Since 1960s, the most common method for pest control has been the intensive use of synthetic pesticides. Such pesticide was adopted in 1940s with the use of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), followed by other organophosphate and carbam...