Mixed-species growth models are needed as a synthesis of ecological knowledge and for guiding forest management. Individual-tree models have been commonly used, but the difficulties of reliably scaling from the individual to the stand level are often underestimated. Emergent properties and statistical issues limit the effectiveness of reductionist approaches. A more holistic modelling of aggreg...

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning method which enables a learner to learn tasks in a highdimensional state space. In the upper level, the learner coarsely explores the low-dimensional state space. In the lower level, the learner nely explores the high-dimensional state space. Speci cally, the learner learns to set up appropriate subgoals for the task in the upper l...

objectives : considering the importance of delusions in diagnosing of psychosis and the role of culture in the forming of delusions this study investigates the content of delusions among psychotic patients. method: subjects were 250 psychotic patients (165 male, 85 female) who had been admitted to shahid esmaili center during 1992 – 1996. 75% of them were aged 15 – 45, 106 of subjects were sing...

The computer program package FORRUS-S (FORest of RUSsia—Stand) has been developed for simulation modelling of forest ecosystems dynamics. The program package FORRUS-S consists of the model of natural development of multispecies uneven-aged stand, the model of exogenous influence (including sylvicultural activities) and a set of accessory programs (standard GIS, reference databases, modules reco...

In this paper, we model the associations of childhood health on adult health and socio-economic status outcomes in China using a new sample of middle aged and older Chinese respondents. Modeled after the American Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), the CHARLS Pilot survey respondents are 45 years and older in two quite distinct provinces-Zhejiang, a high growth industrialized province on the Ea...

objective: ecosystems with mixed species compared to the ones with pure compositions provide a broader range of options in the fields of biodiversity, conservation, protection and restoration. nearly all forest plantations are established as monocultures, but research has shown that there are potential advantages to be gained by using carefully designed species mixtures in place of monocultures...

Modification of stands’ structure and managing them using silvicultural methods close to nature and single selection system require information on status of structure, determining the target diameter, basal area and suitable volume to result in long-term equilibrium and sustainability. So, this study was conducted using the selection sample statistical method by selecting  five 1-ha sample plot...

Effect of seed ageing on stand establishment, growth and yield of three soybean varieties was studied. Treatments consisted of three varieties viz. Shohag, Bangladesh soybean 4 and BARIsoybean-5 with four levels of seed ageing viz. 20, 12, 8 and 2 months aged seed. Seed germination and field emergence percentage decreased but electrical conductivity of seed leachate increased with increasing se...

This article provides evidence about the quality of retrospective childhood health histories given to respondents in the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Even though information on early life health events is critical, there is legitimate skepticism about the ability of older respondents to remember specific health problems that they had during c...