The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of plaque and saliva towards the prolonged activity, also called substantivity, of three antimicrobial mouthrinses (Listerine®, Meridol®, Crest Pro Health®), used in combination with a toothpaste (Prodent Coolmint®). Volunteers brushed for 4 weeks with a toothpaste without antimicrobial claims, while during the last 2 weeks half of the vol...

One of the most common problems encountered in water treatment applications of membranes is fouling. Natural organic matter (NOM) represents a particularly problematic foulant. Membranes may be fouled by relatively hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic NOM components, depending on NOM characteristics, membrane properties, and operating conditions. To maximize flux recovery for an NOMfouled ultrafiltra...

The built environment has been postulated to have an impact on neighborhood crime rates, however, measures of the built environment can be subjective and differ across studies leading to varying observations on its association with crime rates. Here, we illustrate an accurate and straightforward approach to quantify the impact of the built environment on neighborhood crime rates from high-resol...

Methods: In this study, cleaning process was studied and analyzed with special reference to cleaning tools. A group of 13 professional cleaners participated in this study. While they performed their normal tasks, their oxygen consumption, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion and postural data were obtained. The perceived exertion during cleaning task using the ‘‘redesigned cleaning tool’’ w...

VNIR hyperspectral images can be analyzed in situations involving color changes, such as before and after cleaning, without pre-treatment. In this study, to analyze the application of system, we compared black contaminants on surface Jigwangguksa Pagoda upper stereobate at Beopcheonsa Temple, Wonju cleaning with laser. After a preliminary experiment evaluate applicability imaging, took four sid...

—Stable-isotope analysis of feathers is an increasingly important source of information on diet and movement of birds. Feathers are typically cleaned with a solvent before analysis, but the effects of this cleaning on the resulting data have not been examined critically. We conducted an experiment to determine whether a cleaning regime affected hydrogen ( D), carbon ( C), and nitrogen ( N) ...

OBJECTIVES The impact of surface disinfection versus detergent cleaning on healthcare associated infection rates remains unresolved. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (HP) decontamination against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). DESIGN Single centred retrospective before and after study design. SETTING Launceston General Hospital, Tasmania, Australia....

the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of perchloroethylene (pce) and trichloroethylene (tce) in dry cleaning shops in tehran, iran. pce and tce are two most prevalent solvents in dry-leaning shops. air and effluent samples were collected in october to december 2011 from 10 dry-cleaning shops. analyses were performed by head-space gas chromatography technique. gas chromatograp...