T his paper is to study the convergence of per capita income. Convergence clubs hypothesis is one of the forms of convergence hypotheses, implying that countries with the same initial level of economic development, technology, and government policies, tend to be similar in per capita income and thus have a tendency to cluster around a small number of poles. In order to test the hypot...

AIMS Skog's theory of collective drinking behaviour implies that countries with a strict informal social control of drinking alcohol would not exhibit 'collective displacement' of consumption (a linear association between population mean consumption and percentile values across the full range of the distribution), as do countries with less informal social control. This paper aimed to test this ...

Primary Carcinoma of the liver is a rare disease in Iran like most parts of the world.  The incidence of this disease is about 2-8 times more in male than female but in Iran the ratio is almost equal between the two sexes.  The highest incidence in this country is in the age groups of 41-50 and 51-60. This seems to be in a lower age group in comparison to the United Slates as well as in other...

BACKGROUND African Vaccination Week (AVW) is an initiative of the Member States of the African Region aimed at promoting vaccination and ensuring equity and access to its benefits. The initiative has proven to be particularly effective in reaching populations with limited access to regular health services as well as providing an opportunity to integrate other interventions with immunization ser...

More than 85% of the total global burden of epilepsy is found in population of lowor middle-income countries. In the vast majority of these are African countries that however are less equipped to handle this disease and especially in his surgical component. Until recently the epilepsy surgery was been considered as treatment using expensive technology and therefore reserved for developed countr...

The issue of convergence or divergence of productivity has important policy for regional poverty reduction and increasing standards of living. If productivity converges to a common level without intervention, there is little need for explicit policies in lagging regions to promote catch up. On the other hand, productivity has divergence trend, then explicit policies would be needed to prevent f...

Background and Objectives: After the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine, an increase has been observed in the disease due to nonspecific stereotypes of the vaccine. This study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of pneumococcal vaccine coverage and common stereotypes of streptococcus pneumonia after vaccine introduction in the vaccine recipient countries.   Methods: The ...

Table. Registration status, availability and price of flucytosine and amphotericin B in 9 African countries.

Preface Concern over access to essential medicines has dominated international health policy debates over the last two decades. Much of this debate has focused on the role of intellectual property rights in either restricting or enabling developing countries to address persistent and emerging medical challenges. Much of this debate has focused on African countries which have borne higher diseas...

The health status of the African population remains behind that of populations in Europe and North America, as well as many other developing regions with similar affluence (Figure S1). For example, Africa is especially affected by a series of infectious diseases that are responsible for more than half of its disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and over 6 million deaths per year (Figure S2). ...