The atomic force microscope (AFM) can be used to visualize and to manipulate biological material with relative case and high resolution. This study was carried out to investigate whether probe sets, specific for subregions of the human genome and useful for the painting of chromosome bands, can be established by PCR amplification of AFM-dissected chromosome regions. Compared to standard microdi...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used in concert with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to image magnetotactic bacteria (Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 and Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1), magnetosomes, and purified Mms6 proteins. Mms6 is a protein that is associated with magnetosomes in M. magneticum AMB-1 and is believed to control the synthesis of magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) withi...

In this article, we develop an admixture F model (AFM) for the estimation of population-level coancestry coefficients from neutral molecular markers. In contrast to the previously published F model, the AFM enables disentangling small population size and lack of migration as causes of genetic differentiation behind a given level of F(ST). We develop a Bayesian estimation scheme for fitting the ...

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) can be used to obtain high-resolution topographical images of bacteria revealing surface details and cell integrity. During scanning however, the interactions between the AFM probe and the membrane results in distortion of the images. Such distortions or artifacts are the result of geometrical effects related to bacterial cell height, specimen curvature and the AFM...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique which is commonly used to image surfaces at the nanoscale and single-molecule level, as well as to investigate physical properties of the sample surface using a technique known as force spectroscopy. In this chapter, we review our recent research where we used AFM to investigate physical properties of phospholipid monolayers, bilayers, and c...

Superconductivity (SC) with the suppression of long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order is observed in the parent compounds of both iron-based and cuprate superconductors. The AFM wave vectors are bicollinear (π, 0) in the parent compound FeTe different from the collinear AFM order (π, π) in most iron pnictides. Study of the phase diagram of Fe1+yTe1-xSex is the most direct way to investigate t...

Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) is an important biomarker that can be used to evaluate aflatoxin exposure in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure degree of infants to AFM₁ through consumption of breast milk and infant powdered milk in Brazil. For this purpose, the estimated daily intake (EDI) for infants was calculated based on the AFM₁ levels analyzed in 94 breast mi...

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been widely used in the material and life sciences and has enabled much progress in nanotechnology since it was invented. AFM relies on inter-atomic forces to form a topographical map of a sample surface. Depending on the surface type, it is possible to achieve atomic resolution. However, due to either the microscope design and operation mode or external enviro...

This review article aims to provide an updated and comprehensive description on the development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanolithography for structuring and fabrication at the nanometer scale. The many AFM nanolithographic techniques are classified into two general groups of force-assisted and bias-assisted nanolithography on the basis of their mechanistic and operational principles. Fo...