In this study, hybrid ultrafiltration which involves adsorption onto activated carbon and/or coagulation was tested for the removal of ibuprofen, caffeine and diclofenac from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (c0 = 2–3 µg/L). Ultrafiltration in combination with powdered dose 5 mg/L separately or coagulants (FeCl3, 4 mg Fe (III)/L and, natural coagulant isolated bean seeds, 33 µL/L)....

Important challenges in the global water situation, mainly resulting from worldwide population growth and climate change, require novel innovative water technologies in order to ensure a supply of drinking water and reduce global water pollution. Against this background, the adaptation of highly advanced nanotechnology to traditional process engineering offers new opportunities in technological...