Pakistan has the highest infant mortality rate in South Asia, is one of two countries where wild polio still endemic, and ranked third for un- or under-immunized children. Why this case when considerable donor government funds have been spent on Pakistan’s Expanded Program Immunization (EPI)? Based a year mixed methods research district Kasur Punjab, Pakistan, we focus vaccination as site inter...

with the establishment of modern bureaucracy in iran, it was expected that the administrative system would find a logical order based on legal rationality. this not only proved to be far from the case, but the administrative system showed an unfortunate return to its previous status as well. the efforts made to improve the system have only aggravated the situation. the first question addressed ...

User authorisation is traditionally coordinated by system administrators processing delegation requests. This overhead influences an enterprise's ability to respond efficiently and contributes to the total cost of ownership. We propose to reduce this bottleneck by supporting Dynamic Administrative Coalitions of ordinary users that hold administrative powers reflecting their authority. These coa...

In many countries, administrative supervision has grown dramatically in recent years. Administrative supervision is a form of interaction between policy makers and policy executors, aimed at improving political accountability. In this paper, the role of information and information relationships between policy making bodies, executive institutions and administrative supervisors is explored. We i...

A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by facilitating the development, articulation, implementation, and stewardship of a vision of learning that is shared and supported by the school community. Knowledge Indicator-The administrator has knowledge and understanding of: 1A. learning goals in a pluralistic society. 1B. the principles of developing...

The NEOS Server 4.0 provides a general Internet-based client/server as a link between users and software applications. The administrative guide covers the fundamental principles behind the operation of the NEOS Server, installation and trouble-shooting of the Server software, and implementation details of potential interest to a NEOS Server administrator. The guide also discusses making new sof...

This paper examines how the optimal Pigouvian tax should be adjusted to reflect administrative costs. Several cases are examined, depending on whether the administrative costs are fixed per firm taxed or are a function of the amount of tax collected, and on whether such costs are borne by the government or by the taxed firm. In some cases the presence of administrative costs leads to an optimal...