The majority of biological traits are genetically complex. Mapping the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that determine these phenotypes is a powerful means for estimating many parameters of the genetic architecture for a trait and potentially identifying the genes responsible for natural variation. Typically, such experiments are conducted in a single mapping population and, therefore, have only t...

Increasing grain yield by the selection for optimal plant architecture has been the key focus in modern maize breeding. As a result, leaf angle, an important determinant of plant architecture, has been significantly improved to adapt to the ever-increasing plant density in maize production over the past several decades. To extend our understanding on the genetic mechanisms of leaf angle in maiz...

Let R be a ring with center Z(R). We write the commutator [x, y] = xy− yx, (x, y ∈ R). The following commutator identities hold: [xy,z] = x[y,z] + [x,z]y; [x, yz] = y[x,z] + [x, y]z for all x, y,z ∈ R. We recall that R is prime if aRb = (0) implies that a= 0 or b = 0; it is semiprime if aRa = (0) implies that a = 0. A prime ring is clearly a semiprime ring. A mapping f : R→ R is called centrali...

Throughout this note, R will be always a prime ring of characteristic different from 2 with center Z(R), extended centroid C, and two-sided Martindale quotient ring Q. Let f : R→ R be additive mapping of R into itself. It is said to be a derivation of R if f (xy)= f (x)y + x f (y), for all x, y ∈ R. Let S⊆ R be any subset of R. If for any x, y ∈ S, f ([x, y])= [ f (x), y] + [x, f (y)], then the...

Sometime in modeling applied problems there may be a degree of uncertainty in the parameters used in the model or some measurements may be imprecise. Due to such features, we are tempted to consider the study of functional equations in the fuzzy setting. The notion of fuzzy sets was first introduced by Zadeh [31] in 1965 which is a powerful hand set for modeling uncertainty and vagueness in var...

Benthic habitat maps, including maps of seabed sediments, have become critical spatial-decision support tools for marine ecological management and conservation. Despite the increasing recognition that environmental variables should be considered at multiple spatial scales, variables used in habitat mapping are often implemented at a single scale. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ...

Background and Aim: Brain mapping is a study of the anatomy and function of the CNS (central nervous system). Brain mapping has many techniques and these techniques are permanently changing and updating. From the beginning, brain mapping was invasive and for brain mapping, electrical stimulation of the exposed brain was needed. However, nowadays brain mapping does not require electrical stimula...

Expressivity Determinants in Computer Music Performance Joseph Butch Rovan, Marcelo M. Wanderley, Shlomo Dubnov and Philippe Depalle Analysis-Synthesis Team/Real-Time Systems Group IRCAM France frovan, wanderle, dubnov, [email protected] Abstract This paper presents ongoing work on gesture mapping strategies and applications to sound synthesis by signal models controlled via a standard MIDI wind co...

The possibility of reconciliation between canonical probability distributions obtained from the q-maximum entropy principle with predictions from the law of large numbers when empirical samples are held to the same constraints, is investigated into. Canonical probability distributions are constrained by both: (i) the additive duality of generalized statistics and (ii) normal averages expectatio...