Laboratory adaptation of viruses is an essential technique for basic virology research, including the generation of attenuated vaccine strains, although the principles of cell adaptation remain largely unknown. Deep sequencing of murine norovirus (MuNoV) S7 during serial passages in RAW264.7 cells showed that the frequencies of viral variants were altered more dynamically than previously report...

diffusivity equation commonly used for pressure distribution prediction in porous media results from substituting equation of state and continuity equation in navier-stokes momentum equation. from mathematical point of view this equation format shows infinite propagation speed for pressure pulse through porous media, which is physically impossible. this issue may caused by numerous assumptions ...

the impact of climate change does not only affect the production aspects but also on household income and other socioeconomic aspects. the research aims to determine the household economic behaviors of rice farmers in decision-making with relation to the production risks due to climate change and determine the farmer’s adaptation strategies in the face of climate change. the approach taken is t...

Both untranslated regions (UTRs) of plus-strand RNA virus genomes jointly control translation and replication of viral genomes. In the case of the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, the 5'UTR consists of a cloverleaf-like terminus preceding the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and the 3' terminus is composed of a structured 3'UTR and poly(A). The IRES and poly(A) have been impl...

In this paper, the wave propagation method is combined with nonlocal elasticity theory to analyze the buckling and free vibration of rectangular Reddy nanoplate. Wave propagation is one of the powerful methods for analyzing the vibration and buckling of structures. It is assumed that the plate has two opposite edges simply supported while the other two edges may be simply supported or clamped. ...

Statistical machine translation is often faced with the problem of having insufficient training data for many language pairs. In this thesis, several methods have been proposed to leverage other sources to enhance the quality of machine translation systems. Particularly, we propose approaches suitable in these four scenarios: 1. when an additional parallel corpus between the source and the targ...

Path planning is a classic problem in computer science and robotics which has recently been implemented in unconventional computing substrates such as chemical reaction-diffusion computers. These novel computing schemes utilise the parallel spatial propagation of information and often use a two-stage method involving diffusive propagation to discover all paths and a second stage to highlight or...

The present investigation deals with the propagation of waves in a micropolar transversely isotropic layer. Secular equations for symmetric and skew-symmetric modes of wave propagation in completely separate terms are derived. The amplitudes of displacements and microrotation were also obtained. Finally, the numerical solution was carried out for aluminium epoxy material and the dispersion curv...