The incidence and severity of cataract were studied in 37 children who had completed treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Twelve (32%) had posterior subcapsular lens opacities. Treatment had included corticosteroids and cranial irradiation, but no dose relationship was evident. The boys were more severely affected than the girls. Although none of the lens opacities was optically signifi...

Twenty-eight children in remission at least 2 years after completing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were assessed on standardised psychological tests. It was found that 7 who never had central nervous system (CNS) irradiation and 9 having prophylactic CNS irradiation at least 6 months after diagnosis tended to perform at average or above levels, while those 10 each having prophy...

The action of chronic irradiation (dose rate 2.9 Gy/day) on human lymphocyte culture was investigated. Whole blood was irradiated at 37 degrees C. Aliquots (0.2 ml) of whole blood were cultivated by the standard method. A medium containing phytohemagglutinin was added immediately after irradiation. All structural chromosome- and chromatid-type changes were recorded. The experimental data showed...

Human fibroblast cells obtained from a normal individual and immortalized by introduction of the hTERT gene were irradiated with 0 to 5 Gy of acute high-dose-rate radiation (1.8 Gy/min) or chronic low-dose-rate radiation (0.3 mGy/min) in the G0 phase, and p53 activation was studied. After high-dose-rate irradiation, a dose-dependent induction of Ser15 phosphorylation was observed, whereas after...

Assays of lymphocyte subpopulations and function have been performed on patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia still in remission after 18 months' treatment. The patients were subjects of a trial of the value of craniospinal irradiation in the third month of treatment in preventing central nervous system relapse. Effects of both irradiation and chemotherapy were observed. Lymphopenia was m...

Fifty-four consecutive children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated from August 1974 until December of 1976 at Rosewell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) according to a protocol which substituted cranial irradiation with systemic intermediate dose methotrexate (IDM) 500 mg/m2 each 3 weeks for a total of 3 courses immediately following induction. Of 54 patients, 52 went into remissio...

Media reports of deaths and devastation produced by atomic bombs convinced people around the world that all ionizing radiation is harmful. This concentrated attention on fear of miniscule doses of radiation. Soon the linear no threshold (LNT) paradigm was converted into laws. Scientifically valid information about the health benefits from low dose irradiation was ignored. Here are studies which...

Possible predictors of reported lower cognitive functioning in irradiated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were investigated. Thirty-four subjects, 5-14 years old, with ALL in continuous complete remission and without evidence of current or past central nervous system disease, were examined 9-110 months after diagnosis, using standard measures of intelligence and academic achiev...

Cell suspensions of normal rat marrow mixed with rat acute myelogenous leukemic cells were prepared and incubated in vitro with graded doses of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC). The cell suspensions were injected into rats prepared with a lethal dose of total body irradiation. Animals injected with these cells survived fatal irradiation induced aplasia. In a dose related manner 4HC was able ...

The aim of our study was to compare serum concentration of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in 105 healthy volunteers before and after exposure to UVR: 25 subjects (10 days of UVB), 55 (10 days of UVB or solar-simulated radiation, followed by acute UVB dose), and 25 (local high dose of UVB). In all the individuals blood samples were analyzed before and after final irradiation by chemi...