The capacity of hamster peritoneal cell populations to control viability and growth of Besnoitia and Toxoplasma organisms was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Immunized hamsters reduced the homologous organisms 100- to 10,000-fold over a 5-day period, but the heterologous infection increased 100- to 1,000-fold in numbers, similar as in the nonimmune controls. Passively administered antibody was i...

We welcome the comments of Simpson et al. (1). There is clearly a need to understand the basic properties of parasite clearance rates and their potential role as policy decision tools. Simpson et al. state that our models are “limited with respect to two key parameters, the infecting parasite strain and host immunity.” We address each point in turn, noting that our nomenclature (2) recognized t...

Background: Rubella infection with in the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the immunity against rubella among pregnant Iranian women. Materials and Methods: The steps of meta-analyses were conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. To review the associated English and Persian literature, a comprehensive search was co...

Background: Ramadan fasting for pregnant women with diabetes remains controversial and underreported. The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic control in pregnant diabetic women on insulin who fasted during Ramadan. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of three years including pregnant diabetic women, who were on short-acting, intermediate-a...

The Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) genome contains both cis-acting and trans-acting elements, which are important in viral DNA replication. The cis-acting elements consist of two copies of oriS, and the trans-acting elements are those genes whose products are required for virus DNA replication. It has been shown that each of the seven genes required for ori-dependent DNA synthesis of Herpes Simpl...

this scientific report describes the effect of feeding detoxified karanj seed cake as protein replacement of soya bean meal on immunity and pathology in growing lambs. twenty-four male lambs, 4-6 months of age were divided into four groups of six each and fed with different levels of detoxified karanj seed cake (dkc 0%, dkc 25%, dkc 50%, dkc 75%) for 140 days. effect on humoral and cell mediate...

protection of the mammary gland against mastitis-causing pathogens is mediated by many factors in thegland and blood circulation. the professional phagocytic cells of bovine udder, polymorphonuclearneutrophils (pmn) and macrophages, comprise the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens.most researchers now accept that the pmn is a key factor in the cows’ defense against intrama...

objective: turmeric (curcuma longa linn) is a medicinal plant that contains curcumin. there is a growing interest in using curcumin powder (cp) as feed additives for antioxidative and antimicrobial properties to improve human health. this study was conducted to determine the appropriate levels of cp on blood parameters, immunity, and histology of jejunum in hens. materials and methods: a total ...

background and aims: rubella is predominantly a childhood disease that is endemic throughout the world and when rubella outbreaks occur, they are accompanied by birth defects following congenital rubella syndrome. immunity to rubella virus as a teratogenic agent has an important role for prevention of these serious congenital defects. lymphocyte proliferation assay is a way for investigation of...