BACKGROUND Horizontal instability impairs clinical outcome following acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) reconstruction and may be caused by insufficient healing of the superior acromioclavicular ligament complex (ACLC). However, characteristics of acute ACLC injuries are poorly understood so far. Purposes of this study were to identify different ACLC tear types, assess type-specific prevalence...

The thoracoacromial artery (TAA) is the main integumentary artery of the anterior deltoid region. It supplies part of the anterocranial wall of the thorax [1,2]. This region has been used for many years as a donor site for reconstructions of the neck and head, because it is close to the cervicofacial areas in terms of color, texture and thickness [3,4]. However, the thoracoacromial artery can b...

Purpose and hypothesis: Acromion spur is the extrinsic factor for impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tear. The Rockwood tilt view can be used to evaluate prominence of the anterior acromion, however no study has shown the correlation of findings between the Rockwood tilt view and the arthroscopic finding. METHODS We developed the arthroscopic classification of acromion spur as type 1 flat ...

Background: The deltoid is the muscle that forms rounded contour of shoulder. Anatomically, it seems to be made up three different sets fibers. anatomical portions in which are typically divided into anterior (clavicular), mean (acromial), and posterior (spinal). Different variations have been described literature. analysis knowledge these anomalies essential for surgeons anatomists. Methods: A...