We propose two related equilibrium refinements for voting and agenda-setting games, Sequentially Weakly Undominated Equilibrium (SWUE) and Markov Trembling Hand Perfect Equilibrium (MTHPE), and show how these equilibrium concepts eliminate non-intuitive equilibria that arise naturally in dynamic voting games and games in which random or deterministic sequences of agenda-setters make offers to s...

The introduction of the micro-Astrup technique (Siggaard Andersen, Engel, J0rgensen, and Astrup, 1960) with the subsequent modification of the nomogram (Siggaard Andersen, 1962) has given a rapid and simple method for separating the respiratory and metabolic components of acid-base equilibrium in the blood. Arterialized capillary blood from a heel stab has been used for the estimation ofpH and ...

We propose two related equilibrium re…nements for voting and agenda-setting games, Sequentially Weakly Undominated Equilibrium (SWUE) and Markov Trembling Hand Perfect Equilibrium (MTHPE), and show how these equilibrium concepts eliminate non-intuitive equilibria that arise naturally in dynamic voting games and games in which random or deterministic sequences of agenda-setters make o¤ers to sev...

The competition between chemical equilibrium, for example protonation, and physical interactions determines the molecular organization and functionality of biological and synthetic systems. Charge regulation by displacement of acid-base equilibrium induced by changes in the local environment provides a feedback mechanism that controls the balance between electrostatic, van der Waals, steric int...

The C–H bond deprotonation and functionalization reaction represents the most frequently used method for C–C construction also a vital mode of activation. Great developments have been made recently in catalytic formation by using weakly acidic compounds as nucleophiles. The strongly basic reagent or catalyst is key factor these reactions. If only base enough, bonds, carbanions fol...

We use a molecular theory to study the thermodynamics of a weak-polyacid hydrogel film that is chemically grafted to a solid surface. We investigate the response of the material to changes in the pH and salt concentration of the buffer solution. Our results show that the pH-triggered swelling of the hydrogel film has a non-monotonic dependence on the acidity of the bath solution. At most salt c...

We denote by Q the reference area of size Q m2. Our problem is to fully cover the area and to provide certain level of QoS for users. There are two types of Base Stations (BS) that can be used for this purpose. Macro-BSs that have large transmission ranges but their energy consumption is high, and Femto-BSs that have smaller transmission ranges and relatively smaller energy consumption. Telecom...

There are many situations in which a customer’s proclivity to buy the product of any firm depends not only on the classical attributes of the product such as its price and quality, but also on who else is buying the same product. Under quite general circumstances, it turns out that customers’ influence on each other dynamically converges to a steady state. Thus we can model these situations as ...

Poly urea-formaldehyde was synthesized simply and rapidly from urea and formaldehyde by condensation polymerization and studied for the sorption of trace acid blue from aqueous solution. The optimum pH value for sorption of the acid blue was 4. Experimental results showed that the sorption capacity of poly urea-formaldehyde for acid blue was determined. The synthetic polymer can be reused for 5...

In this demonstration, we show a qualitative analysis of sulfite ions in white wine with strontium ions. In base solution, a white precipitation occurs from strontium sulfite that disappears after a strong acid is added. This demonstration nicely illustrates chemical equilibrium in a school chemistry experiment.