In this post-hoc analysis of the ULIS-II study, we investigated factors influencing person-centred goal setting and achievement following botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) treatment in 456 adults with post-stroke upper limb spasticity (ULS). Patients with primary goals categorised as passive function had greater motor impairment (p < 0.001), contractures (soft tissue shortening [STS]) (p = 0.006) and ...

In this registered report, we evaluated how sleep is related to school functioning. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3002), a series structural equation models evaluating whether at age 5 has direct or indirect effect on academic achievement, executive function classroom behaviour 9, relation moderated by race ethnicity, poverty, maternal education disabilit...

Publication statistics are ubiquitous in the ratings of scientific achievement, with citation counts and paper tallies factoring into an individual's consideration for postdoctoral positions, junior faculty, and tenure. Citation statistics are designed to quantify individual career achievement, both at the level of a single publication, and over an individual's entire career. While some academi...

UNLABELLED Summary of: Davis CL et al (2011) Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial. Health Pscyh 30: 91-98. [Prepared by Nora Shields, CAP Editor.] QUESTION Does aerobic exercise improve cognition and academic achievement in overweight children aged 7-11 years? DESIGN Randomised, controlled tria...

This study examines the mathematics achievement of Latino native English speakers compared to non-native English speakers in U.S. high schools. We specifically focus on how academic tracking can influence mathematics achievement and, at the same time, whether having access to a mathematics teaching with specialized training in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) students can help mitiga...

Quality preschool programs that develop the whole child through age-appropriate socioemotional and cognitive skill-building hold promise for significantly improving child outcomes. However, preschool programs tend to either be teacher-led and didactic, or else to lack academic content. One preschool model that involves both child-directed, freely chosen activity and academic content is Montesso...

Richard E. Snow, working from his new aptitude theory, advocated a multidimensional approach to validating the construct of academic achievement. This report briefly describes Snow’s recommended approach and then summarizes new evidence from the present studies in terms of three related themes: (a) multidimensionality of science achievement, (b) transaction between achievement and situations, a...

Over the past decades, researchers have explored the relationship among home resources, school environment, and students’ mathematics achievement in a large amount of studies (Coleman, 1966; Greenwald, Hedges & Laine, 1996; Hampden-Thompson & Johnston, 2006; Mullis et al., 2012). Many of them suggested that rich home resources for learning were related to higher average academic achievement. So...

We reviewed studies that examine the relationship of energy consumption, storage, and expenditure to cognition and scholastic performance. Specifically, the literature base on nutrient intake, body mass, and physical activity is described relative to cognitive development and academic achievement. The review of literature regarding the overconsumption of energy and excess body mass suggests poo...

If games are to be used to reform educational practice then there needs to be a better understanding of how they motivate learners. Previous research on the classic intrinsic vs. extrinsic model of motivation is reviewed. Achievement Goal theory is suggested as a way to further unpack how games can affect motivations to learn, particularly in the use of badge or achievement systems. The Fosteri...