futuwwa is an arabic word meaning ‘javanmard’ in persian and ‘fata’ is literally a young man. from its meaning we envisage him as a person who has reached to the apogee of him life or the perfection in his life. according to the available evidences and in comparison to mihr creed, it is considered that chivalry was prevalent in the pre- islamic iran. drinking a cup of saltwater is similar to mi...

In Late Antiquity Arabia, under the Byzantine and Sassanid states, there are many decentralized nomadic or sedentary tribal political structures in addition to centralized organizations. There constant conflicts wars between tribes. reasons for their such as booty, blood feud, revenge, border violations. All these relative multiplicity of show that inter-tribal a form life pre-Islamic period. T...

some of the iranian artworks during the 10th-14th centuries have been illustrated by narrative scenes showing a cavalier archer king in the hunting ground of gazelles; while a tiny lyre playing girl sat back him. according to shāhnāma-i-fērdowsī and haft peykar-i- nizami ganjavi, such scenes narrate the story of sassanid king bahram-i- gūr and āzāda, his lyre player servant girl. it should be n...