The labeling patterns found in tissue glutamate, aspartate, and alanine after administration of glutaric acid-3-Cl4 to male rats (1) indicated that the major catabolic route of glutarate is via acetate (2) and not via a direct conversion to the carbon chain of cu-ketoglutarate (3-5). In further studies on the metabolism of glutarate-3-C14 in rats, we have observed the formation of urinary acety...

Although the reversible oxidation of free n-/3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate in animal tissues was first observed many years ago (1, 2), relatively little is known about the properties and intracellular distribution of the dehydrogenase responsible for this reaction. In 1937 Green et al. (3) described a stereospecific diphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked n-P-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase in res...

Myocardial glucose use is regulated by competing substrates and hormonal influences. However, the interactions of these effectors on the metabolism of exogenous glucose and glucose derived from endogenous glycogen are not completely understood. In order to determine changes in exogenous glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and glycogen enrichment, hearts were perfused with glucose (5 mM) either a...

PURPOSE To conduct the first randomized trial on classical and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) versions of the ketogenic diet, examining efficacy and tolerability after 3, 6, and 12 months. METHODS One hundred forty-five children with intractable epilepsy were randomized to receive a classical or an MCT diet. Seizure frequency was assessed after 3, 6, and 12 months. Treatment withdrawals were...

To improve butanol selectivity, Clostridium acetobutylicum M5(pIMP1E1AB) was constructed by adhE1-ctfAB complementation of C. acetobutylicum M5, a derivative strain of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, which does not produce solvents due to the lack of megaplasmid pSOL1. The gene products of adhE1-ctfAB catalyze the formation of acetoacetate and ethanol/butanol with acid re-assimilation in solventoge...

The relative importance of oxidation through the Krebs cycle or of conversion to acetoacetate for the oxidation of fatty acids in liver is unknown. Attempts have been made to answer this question by studies of the products of the oxidation of fatty acids in particulate systems (l-7). In most of the experiments this process has required the presence not only of adenine nucleotides, magnesium ion...

The anomalous increase in cardiac glycogen during ketosis and the induction of a similar change by the infusion of ketone bodies or butyrate (4) suggest that a pathway allowing for the net accumulation of carbohydrate from fat may exist in heart. In an effort to assess this possibility, the conversion of n-butyrate-3-Cl4 to acetoacetate, P-hydroxybutyrate, glycogen, lactate, pyruvate, and fumar...

This study investigated bovine embryo development in vitro in the presence of acetoacetate in serum-free medium. In vitro-matured and fertilized oocytes from ovaries of slaughtered cows were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) containing citrate, myo-inositol, lactate and pyruvate. In the medium with acetoacetate this compound replaced both lactate and pyruvate as energy sources. Three ex...

Experiments with labeled octanoic acid have shown that liver slices cleave the fatty acid to 2-carbon fragments which condense to form acetoacetate (l-3). The earlier findings (1, 2) of an equal distribution of the isotope between the carboxyl and carbonyl groups of acetoacetate after utilization of carboxyl-labeled octanoate indicate a random recondensation of 2-carbon fragments, while later f...

Frequent episodes of hyperketonemia are associated with a higher incidence of vascular disease. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that hyperketonemia increases monocyte-endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and the development of vascular disease in diabetes. Human U937 and THP-1 monocyte cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with acetoace...