Accountability is a concept that has been difficult to clearly identify or measure. There is disagreement over definitions of accountability and a lack of empirical evidence about ways the concept might be dimensionalized, although there is agreement that it is multi-dimensional in nature. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of the existence of common types of accountability that are c...

BACKGROUND The challenge of priority setting (PS) in health care within contexts of severe resource limitations has continued to receive attention. Accountability for Reasonableness (AFR) has emerged as a useful framework to guide the implementation of PS processes. In 2006, the AFR approach to enhance legitimate and fair PS was introduced by researchers and decision makers within the health se...

BACKGROUND Panama is, economically, the fastest growing country in Central America and is making efforts to improve management mechanisms for research and innovation. However, due to contextual factors, the Panamanian Health Research System is not well developed and is poorly coordinated with the Health System. Likewise, despite recent efforts to define a National Health Research Agenda, implem...

In this paper, we propose a new approach for analyzing the user interactivity and evaluating the number of channels required for multicast TVoD service. Our results determine the relationships among the clients’ behaviors, the system resources in server and customer promise equipment, and the TVoD service protocol. Extensive simulation results support the validity/reasonableness of our analysis...

This paper examines one of the most notorious episodes in history English football. The death 96 Liverpool supporters at an FA Cup semi-final Hillsborough stadium Sheffield 1989 has been subject a resilient opposition to attempts by police, legal and footballing authorities certain media attribute cause these fatalities those who died this event. weaknesses public accountability which gave impe...

While the patient safety field has emphasised 'systems thinking' as its central theme, experts have pointed to the need to balance this 'no blame' approach with the need for accountability in certain circumstances, such as failure to heed reasonable safety standards. Our growing appreciation of the importance of accountability raises several new questions, including the relative roles of person...