abstract development and evaluation of mitigation strategies are very crucial to manage climate change risk. research objectives of this study were (1) to quantify the response of maize grain yield to potential impacts of climate change and (2) to investigate the effectiveness of changing sowing date of maize as a mitigation option for khorasan province which is located in northeast of iran. tw...

A probabilistic clustering technique is developed for classification of wintertime extratropical cyclone (ETC) tracks over the North Atlantic. We use a regression mixture model to describe the longitude-time and latitude–time propagation of the ETCs. A simple tracking algorithm is applied to 6-hourly mean sea-level pressure fields to obtain the tracks from either a general circulation model (GC...

ABSTRACT Radiative-transfer (RT) is a fundamental part of modelling exoplanet atmospheres with general circulation models (GCMs). An accurate RT scheme required for estimates the atmospheric energy transport and gaining physical insight from model spectra. We implement three schemes Exo-FMS: semigrey, non-grey ‘picket fence’, real gas correlated-k. benchmark Exo-FMS GCM, using these to hot Jupi...

Abstract Ishiwatari et al. (2007) (https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007368) investigated multiple equilibrium solutions of a gray atmosphere for various values solar constant, utilizing two types models, namely, one‐dimensional energy balance model and general circulation (GCM) with simplified physical processes, both which permit existence the runaway greenhouse state. The study was retracted, si...

The representation of cloud systems and cloud-radiation interaction is considered to be one of major uncertainties in general circulation models (GCMs). This arises because (1) complete observations of cloud systems are impossible and available measurements are very limited; (2) cloud-radiation interactions are scale-dependent (Dudek et al. 1996) while current GCMs cannot explicitly resolve the...

It is recognized now that the plane-parallel model unsatisfactorily describes the transfer of radiation through broken clouds and that, consequently, the radiation codes of general circulation models (GCMs) must be refined. However, before any refinement in a GCM code is made, it is necessary to investigate the dependence of radiative characteristics on the effects caused by the random geometry...

This paper presents an update on the detection and attribution of global annual mean surface air temperature changes, using recently developed climate models. In particular, it applies a new methodology that permits the inclusion of many more general circulation models (GCMs) into the analysis, and it also includes more recent observations. This methodology involves fitting a series of energy b...

We have compared the climatology of upper tropospheric clouds simulated with the Colorado State University (CSU) general circulation model against cloud products retrieved by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). Following the ISCCP cloud classification, upper tropospheric clouds are defined as clouds with cloud tops above 440 hPa. We refined our comparison by consideri...

Annual and seasonal correlations between temperature and both specific and relative humidity are presented based on radiosonde station data over the tropical Pacific Ocean and North America. Results are presented for the surface and the 850-, 700-, and 500-hPa levels. The correlations between anomalies of temperature and relative humidity are generally negative, and those between temperature an...