We develop a cosmological model based on a quadratic equation of state p/c = −(α + 1)ρ/ρP + αρ− (α + 1)ρΛ, where ρP is the Planck density and ρΛ the cosmological density, “unifying” vacuum energy and dark energy in the spirit of a generalized Chaplygin gas model. For ρ → ρP , it reduces to p = −ρP c leading to a phase of early accelerating expansion (early inflation) with a constant density equ...

Abstract The phase-field (PF) method is a physics-based computational approach for simulating interfacial morphology. It has been used to model powder melting, rapid solidification, and grain structure evolution in metal additive manufacturing (AM). However, traditional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the PF computationally expensive due sufficiently small mesh size. Here, physics-embedded...

Particle‘s acceleration in static homogeneous gravitational field is cancelled by any reference frame of the same accelerating direction and the same accelerating rate. The frame is commonly called the freely-falling one. The present paper shows that the acceleration is also cancelled by a spatial curvilinear coordinate system. The coordinate system is simply a spatial square-root coordinate re...

Theoretical models predict that the cumulative number of individuals displaying a socially learned novel behavior will follow an accelerating pattern over time, whereas asocial processes have been associated with linear or decelerating functions. This raises the possibility that the shape of the diffusion curve may reveal something about the learning processes involved. If true, this would be p...

The spontaneous electrical polarization of ferroelectric materials can be changed either by reversal or by phase transition from a ferroelectric into a non-ferroelectric state or vice versa. If spontaneous polarization changes are induced with fast heat, mechanical pressure, laser or electric field pulses on a submicrosecond time scale, strong uncompensated surface charge densities and related ...

The FLASH (Free Electron Laser in Hamburg) (Ackermann et al., 2007) is a user facility providing high brilliant laser light for experiments. It is also a unique facility for testing the superconducting accelerator technology for the European XFEL (Weise, 2004) and the International Linear Collider (Ross et al., 2011). The LLRF (low level RF) system is used to maintain the beam stabilities by st...

A new accelerator LACARA is under construction at ATF, Brookhaven National Laboratory. LACARA is to be powered by a 1 TW CO2 laser, and will utilize a 6-T 2-m long solenoidal magnetic field. For a 50 MeV injected electron bunch, LACARA is expected to produce a 100 MeV 1 ps gyrating beam with ~ 3% energy spread. Beam electrons advance in phase at the laser frequency, executing one cycle each 35 ...

We present a status report on the research and development of high-gradient normal-conducting RF structures for the ionization cooling of muons in a neutrino factory or muon collider. High-gradient RF structures are required in regions enclosed in strong focussing solenoidal magnets, precluding the application of superconducting RF technology [1]. We propose using linear accelerating structures...