effective academic leadership is a complicated issue to investigate because of its intangibility and potential consequences. in addition, it plays an essential role in the success of institutions as well as being an important factor in improving quality performance of faculty members, administrators and qualified alumni. in this study mixed methods was used to develop a model of islamic azad un...

In this position paper we describe an interface to incorporate application-specific knowledge for conflict resolution in an optimistically replicated file system. Conflicts arise in such systems because replicas of an object can be modified simultaneously in different network partitions. Application-specific knowledge is made available by the application writer in specialized tools called Appli...

Optimism is a well-known technique to enhance the performance of distributed protocols. Optimistic approaches exploit properties exhibited by the system with certain likelihood, (i.e., that certain kinds of scenarios will prevail over others) to outperform the corresponding conservative protocol. These properties are usually referred as optimistic assumptions (e.g., an optimistic assumption is ...

PURPOSE Women in academic medicine are not achieving the same career advancement as men, and face unique challenges in managing work and family alongside intense work demands. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a supportive department/division culture buffered women from the impact of work demands on work-to-family conflict. METHOD As part of a larger intervention trial, the aut...

There has been a growing recognition over the past 25 years that it is increasingly difficult for physicians to develop careers as physician-scientists. This commentary reviews the traditional culture of academic medicine, factors that are altering that culture, and several grassroots suggestions for revitalizing academic medicine in our departmental programs. It is based on a presentation, "Ba...