We have documented that the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) internal enhancer functions in the nontransformed Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cell line. The sequences within this region were assayed for their ability to bind to specific factors present in BHK nuclear extracts using the gel retardation assay and DNAse I footprinting. At least two sequences within the internal enhancer which can specifically ...

Adiponectin is exclusively expressed in adipose tissue and secreted from adipocytes, and shows anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic properties. However, the precise transcriptional mechanism of adiponectin remains elusive. In this study, the 5' flanking promoter region of human adiponectin gene was analyzed using UCSC genome browser, and a 10 390-bp fragment, containing an evolutionally conserved...

This study investigated the capability for fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae with mechanism of FCS isolated from green and purple sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (G-FCS P-FCS). HPGPC determined that mean molecular weight purified G-FCS P-FCS is 19.5 18.8 kDa, FT-IR spectrum displayed similar characteristic absorption peaks. AFM images presented was shown as a spherical polysaccharide, w...

Enhancers are regulatory DNA elements that can activate their genomic targets over a large distance. The mechanism of enhancer action over large distance is unknown. Activation of the glnAp2 promoter by NtrC-dependent enhancer in Escherichia coli was analyzed by using a purified system supporting multiple-round transcription in vitro. The data suggest that DNA supercoiling is an essential requi...

Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. The expression of Runx2 is the first requisite step for the lineage determination from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Although the transcript from Runx2 distal promoter is majorly expressed in osteoblasts, the promoter failed to direct green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression to osteoblasts. To find the regu...

Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that acts through selective inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. Poor bioavailability of this drug may leads to local toxicity at the site of aggregation and hinders reaching desired therapeutic effects. This study aimed at formulating and optimizing topically applied lotions of nimesulide using an experimental design approach, namely response surface...

Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) elicits a unique taste termed umami and is widely used as a flavor enhancer in various cuisines. In addition, recent studies suggest the existence of sensors for L-glutamate (Glu) and transduction molecules in the gut mucosa as well as in the oral cavity. The vagal gastric afferent responds specifically to the luminal stimulation of Glu in the stomach and regulates ...

Transcriptional enhancers in large gene complexes activate promoters over huge distances, yet little is known about the mechanism of these long-range interactions. We report that the promoter targeting sequence (PTS) from the Abdominal-B locus of the Drosophila bithorax complex facilitates the activity of a distantly located enhancer in transgenic embryos and that it restricts the enhancer to a...

We have analyzed Emx2 enhancers to determine how Emx2 functions during forebrain development are regulated. The FB (forebrain) enhancer we identified immediately 3' downstream of the last coding exon is well conserved among tetrapods and unexpectedly directed all the Emx2 expression in forebrain: caudal forebrain primordium at E8.5, dorsal telencephalon at E9.5-E10.5 and the cortical ventricula...