Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, more than 90% of thyroid nodules are benign. It remains unclear whether thyroid carcinoma arises from preexisting benign nodules. Metabolomics can provide valuable and comprehensive information about low molecular weight compounds present in living systems and further our understanding of the biology regulating pathological proces...

UNLABELLED In 2006, a 58-year-old woman presented with thyrotoxicosis. She had undergone left hemithyroidectomy 14 years before for a benign follicular adenoma. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy with enhanced tracer uptake in the left lateral neck on a Technetium-99m uptake scan. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a left lateral neck node was insufficient for a cy...

The thyroid and thymic arteries were investigated in 36 male and 36 female house musk shrews. The superior thyroid artery was constant. The artery arose, in the most instances, from the external carotid arteries. The artery, in about one fourth instances, sent both the superior and inferior branches supplying the gland and the former branch terminated in the superior and inferior laryngeal arte...

PURPOSE Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) are the most common type of thyroid malignancy with one of the two mutations, RET/PTC rearrangement or BRAF mutation. Both mutations are able to activate the MEK/ERK signaling transduction pathway and result in the activation of transcription factors that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY 43-9006) ...

PURPOSE Patients with radioiodine-resistant follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) have a poor prognosis, if metastasized, with currently available treatment modalities. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors (EGFR and VEGFR) have been reported to be overexpressed in FTC and have been implicated in FTC development. We hypothesized that inhibitin...

Cryopreservation of embryos and gametes has become an indispensible service for infertility treatment. Vitrification is now a prevalent technique for cryopreservation in assisted reproductive technology (ART) replacing, in many cases, conventional slow cooling methodology. Fertility preservation in female patients has become a very topical issue. Various malignant and nonmalignant diseases have...

BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common type of thyroid malignancy, usually possesses mutations, either RET/PTC rearrangement or BRAF mutation. Both mutations can activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase signaling transduction pathway, which results in activation of transcription factors that regulate cellular proliferation, ...

Background: Persistent thyroglossal duct leads to a fibrous cyst formation named thyroglossal cyst which is the most common form of congenital cyst and usually located in the midline neck below the hyoid bone. Rarely the thyroglossal cyst is associated with thyroid cancer. Although the Sistrunk procedure is often considered adequate, currently there is no clear consensus on the optimal manageme...

a serious hazard to patients during orthotopic liver transplantation is hyperkalemia. although the most frequent and hazardous hyperkalemia occurs immediately after reperfusion of the newly transplanted liver, morbid hyperkalemia could happen in the other phases during orthotopic liver transplantation. however, pre-anhepatic hyperkalemia during orthotopic liver transplantation is rare. this rep...

INTRODUCTION Hyperthyroidism is a syndrome caused by the excessive production and secretion of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 by an autonomous thyroid gland. Feline hyperthyroidism was first reported in 1979 and since then it has become a common disease in cats. Histopathology of affected thyroids usually reveals thyroid hyperplasia or benign thyroid adenoma, however in a small percentage of ca...