The rise of the periphrastic future (PF) at the expense of the inflected future (IF) is an established historical trend in Québécois French over at least the past 150 years. Previous research has also found higher rates of PF among younger speakers, many displaying categorical use in affirmative contexts. Because an apparent time interpretation of the synchronic data fits the historical record,...

This paper examines how, over the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the appreciation of skill in surgery shifted in characteristic ways. Skill is a problematic category in surgery. Its evaluation is embedded into wider cultural expectations and evaluations, which changed over time. The paper examines the discussions about surgical skill in a variety of contexts: the highly...

one of the great events in the history of iran is the emergence and spread of islam within the early hegira centuries.  the result of the interaction between islam and iran was transformations in many cultural dimensions and indices. this research states the problem of the islamization of iranian lifestyle andthe culture of purity and impurity, in particular.in this article,interpretive-analyti...

desire for further knowledge on the subject. The actual date of its first application might be traced centuries back. Hopes and disappointments have come in their way, but the world-wide search for a cure for tuberculosis has gone on through the centuries. Gold salts came into use many centuries before Christ, for in ancient Hindu medicine the preparation ' Makaradhwaja ' was supposed to be a s...

AIM The aim of this study was to obtain information about neurological and cognitive outcome for a population-based group of children after paediatric ischaemic stroke. METHODS Data from the Swiss neuropaediatric stroke registry (SNPSR), from 1.1.2000 to 1.7.2002, including children (AIS 1) and neonates (AIS 2). At 18-24 months after a stroke, a follow-up examination was performed including a...

This paper elucidates the origins of scientific work on stem cells. From the late nineteenth century onwards, the notion of stem cells became customary in scientific communities of Imperial Germany. Adopting the term Stammzelle from Ernst Haeckel, Theodor Boveri was influential in introducing the concept in embryological studies and early genetics around 1900, describing a capacity of stem cell...

This article analyses data about the Russian bear from Economic Notes to plans of General Land Survey Empire. Despite official symbol Empire being double-headed eagle, was perceived as country’s main early formation state. The purpose this is find out how common bears were in between late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. quantitative analysis based on method continuous sampling, which allow...

In the UK, as in most western countries, neurology and psychiatry evolved into separate disciplines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries there are signs of some convergence of the two disciplines, stimulated in part by a common interest in neuroscientific studies of the brain, but also a greater awareness of the psychological and social dimensions...

Like other European polities during the medieval and early modern period, Crown of Aragon experienced a financial revolution in 14th century. The censo, a credit instrument recognised as non-usurious by successive popes, was one central elements that revolution. In following centuries, after diffusion of this mechanism to Hispanic kingdoms, became an evolution thanks the fle...