BACKGROUND The "Escort" spirometer is a lightweight, hand held spirometer employing a Fleisch pneumotachograph. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) are obtained from a single FVC manoeuvre. Results are displayed on a small liquid crystal display, but there is no graphical display. The performance of the Escor...

BACKGROUND Different lung function equipment and different respiratory manoeuvres may produce different Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) results. Although the PEF is the most common lung function test, there have been few studies of these effects and no previous study has evaluated both factors in a single group of patients. METHODS We studied 36 subjects (PEF range 80-570 l/min). All patients reco...

There are certain losses which affect the economy of the power system. In India the percentage of power losses has been quite high. The most prominent forms of non-technical losses in India are electricity theft and non-payment of bills. This is great loss for government. It is estimated that electricity theft and nonpayment of bills cost in our country is in billions a year. The objective of t...

The renewable energy sources like solar and wind power will be economical in future due to upward pressure in fossil fuel prices, progress in renewable technologies as well as economy scale resulting from large scale production of renewable energy sources. As the usage of renewable energy sources will increase, decentralized supply and demand side management will be used instead of conventional...

In India, the electric power transmission and distribution loss is very high, about 7% in transmission and 26% in distribution. Though deployment of automated meter reading system will reduce losses, particularly in distribution, penetration of automated meter reading is low due to high costs involved. World over, the Two-Way Automatic Communications System (TWACS) is the most widely used power...