In developing countries, weak institutional quality can increase the probability of applying discretionary policies and can have a great impact on their double-digit inflation. Surico (2008) calculated inflation bias, but he considered just monetary policy and he did not pay attention to the institutions. Therefore, we design a model which considers the discretion in monetary and fiscal policie...

Brazil is the most decentralized country in the developing world. It has a long history of federalism and decentralization, and has become considerably more decentralized over the last two decades. By 1995, state and local governments together accounted for nearly 60 percent of public consumption (Ter-Minassian, 1997: 438). In comparison with other developing countries, the Brazilian states als...

Crucial to the success of the proposed Framework Convention on Tobacco Control will be an understanding of the political and economic context for tobacco control policies, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Policy studies in Thailand and Zimbabwe employed the analytical perspective of political economy and a research strategy that used political mapping, a technique for cha...

Article history: Received 11 September 2007 Received in revised form 9 September 2008 Accepted 10 September 2008 Available online 16 September 2008 How does political decentralization affect the frequency and costliness of bribe extraction by corrupt officials? Previous empirical studies, using subjective indexes of perceived corruption and mostly fiscal indicators of decentralization, have sug...

theoratical and practical return to islamic heritage is a developing instrument of the new thoughts and approaches in muslem intellectuals. of cours. the basis of this incredble heritage can be found in behavour of the inevrables particularly imam ali which has been demonstrated in nahjolballagheh: a proper conceptualization of alavi government. imam ali`s governmental experiences is a perfect ...

In 1987, district health care policies were officially adopted by a majority of developing countries. Many operational problems constraining implementation of such policies have subsequently been identified, most of which are attributable to well-known characteristics of less developed countries. However, the policy of operational and administrative decentralization has often been critically ob...