Deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the only known causes of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. These mutations account for 60% of hereditary breast cancer. Women with HBOC face many decision-making challenges and rely heavily on information and guidance provided by their oncology care providers. Therefore it is imperative that advanced practitioners (APs) in o...

this research chiefly focused on the application of mitigation strategies and traditional form of feedback in writing development of the fifth semester university students majoring in tefl and english translation fields based on vygotsky’s sociocultural theory in general and the notion of “zone of proximal development” in particular. to that end, this study relied on a pre-posttest experimental...

Although osteoporosis is a preventable disease affecting millions of people, public awareness remains low. This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to explore osteoporosis knowledge among adolescent female students in Jordan. A questionnaire was administered to 148 students recruited from a secondary school in the city of Irbid before and after a series of health education s...

No single clinical examination element, or combination of such elements, reliably detects meniscal injury. The McMurray test is best for ruling in meniscal pathology. Assuming a 9% prevalence of meniscal tears among all knee injuries (a rate reflecting national primary care data), the posttest probability that a patient with McMurray’s sign has a meniscal injury ranges from <30% to 63% (strengt...

This critical review examines the effects of two different types of neurosurgical interventions for generalized dystonia, brain lesioning procedures and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Study designs include: single-group posttest only (2), single-group pre-posttest (3), and mixed (between and within) randomized clinical trial (1). Reports on brain lesioning studies showed evidence that surgery ha...

objective: the present research aims to analyze the efficacy of group metacognitive therapy (mct) on selfesteem and mental health of those who suffer from major depressive disorder. methods: the research was a randomized clinical controlled trial, using pretest and posttest with 2 months of follow-up. twenty-two patients with major depressive disorder based on dsm-iv-tr criteria were selected t...

Background noise and interruption were examined for their effects on learning health information. The final sample consisted of 48 college students randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a pretest-posttest, double-blind, 2 x 2 experiment comparing noise (noise/no noise) by interruption (interruption/no interruption). Students viewed one of four videotapes about safe antibiotic use and t...