During the last ten or fifteen years a range of new urban regeneration policies was set up in the U.S. and in Europe, both at a national and at a Community level. This paper provides a comparison of the E.U. Urban Programme under Community Initiative and the U.S. Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Community Programmes promoted by the Federal Government. These programmes can be considered as exper...

A 1-D canopy interface model (CIM) has been developed recently and integrated in the meso-scale meteorological WRF v3.5 model in order to improve the surface representation. One of the objectives of such a model is to prepare for the coupling of micro-scale models with meso-scale models so as to improve building energy consumption estimates at the urban scale as well as improve meteorological v...

The paper reviews some research on urban poverty in China. This topic began to attract academic attention in mid1990s. In the marketization, the old socialist system in China, which included full employment and comprehensive social welfare for urban citizens, has been replaced by an emerging labor market and a socialized and partially privatized social security. The time lag between the old and...

a response to the problem of irans backwardness preoccupied the minds of intellectual and political forces. since irans failure from russia while different domestic and external factors caused to defeat, differend and even contending views concerning irans backwardness played a key role in these failures. these diverse and contending views which arised at first in compilation of laws and establ...

1- introduction transportation and traffic is one of the major issues and challenges that are facing urban managers. so that it has become one of the major challenges in the political area. transport is one of the most important elements of urban development which is used for people and goods moving from a different geographical place to other places. in order to achieve efficient productive in...

Over the past decade, laser terrestrial Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) have been developed for the digital mapping of outdoor environments. While the applications of MMS are various (urban security, road control, virtual world, entertainment, etc.), one may imagine that for each application the system designs could be different. Hence, a comparative analysis of different designs is useful to find...

Traffic congestion problem is one of the major problems that face many transportation decision makers for urban areas. The problem has many impacts on social, economical and development aspects of urban areas. Hence the solution to this problem is not straight forward. It requires a lot of effort, expertise, time and cost that sometime are not available. Most of the existing transportation plan...