A three-dimensional grid-drawing of a graph represents the vertices by distinct points in Z (called grid-points), and represents each edge as a polyline between its endpoints with bends (if any) also at gridpoints, such that distinct edges only intersect at common endpoints, and each edge only intersects a vertex that is an endpoint of that edge. This topic has been previously studied in [1–5]....

We have developed a powerful parallel genetic algorithm design tool for photonic crystal and waveguide structures. The tool employs a small-population-size genetic algorithm (microgenetic algorithm) for global optimization and a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method to rigorously design and optimize the performance of photonic devices. We discuss the implementation and performanc...

We report here the locations of curved DNA in the human erythropoietin receptor gene. A total of 13 DNA bend sites were mapped by circular permutation assays, appearing at an average interval of 651.2+/-214.6 (S.D.) in the 8-kb region. The bend centers in these 13 bend sites were confirmed by oligonucleotide-based assays where most of these centers had bend angles higher than that shown by (AAA...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain endothelial cells. Many immortalized brain endothelial cell lines have been established; these have been used as in vitro BBB models. The aim of the present study was to assess the paracellular barrier properties of the immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell lines bEND.3, bEND.5 cells, and mouse brain endothelial cell 4 (MBEC4), and those of t...

In order to realize the behavior of two-phase flow in an inclined rectangular channel with 90̊ bend for various vertical lengths, experimental investigation has performed. The test section (a chanel 30 m length) contains two horizontal parts and a middle section. Three lengths 50, 100 150 cm were utilized along cross is 10 × 15 cm. Air water fluids used this work. Various patterns are created by...

Vertical compact torus injection into the STOR-M tokamak has been conducted with the University of Saskatchewan Compact Torus Injector (USCTI). The injector stayed at the horizontal position and the CT was bent by 90 using a curved conducting drift tube. The curved drift tube did not have significant effects on the CT velocity. Furthermore, the curved drift tube did not change the magnetic fiel...

Using a two-dimensional (2D) photonic-crystal slab structure, we have demonstrated a strong 2D photonic band gap with the capability of fully controlling light in all three dimensions[1]. Our demonstration confirms the predictions [2] on the possibility of achieving 3D light control using 2D band gaps, with strong index guiding providing control in the third dimension, and raise the prospect of...