Characterizations of the risks associated with foodborne pathogens are dependent on the availability of information on the population's exposure to the biological agents. However, by itself, exposure data are insufficient to assess the public health impact of pathogenic microorganisms. This requires the availability of effective dose-response models. Successful development of models that descri...

The human enteric flora plays a significant role in intestinal health and disease. Certain enteric bacteria can inhibit the NF-kappaB pathway by blockade of IkappaB-alpha ubiquitination. IkappaB-alpha ubiquitination is catalyzed by the E3-SCF(betaTrCP) ubiquitin ligase, which is itself regulated via covalent modification of the cullin-1 subunit by the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8. Neddylation i...

With an increasing number of outbreaks and illnesses associated with produce contaminated before harvest, understanding the potential and mechanisms of produce contamination by enteric pathogens can aid in the development of preventative and post-harvest processing measures to reduce microbial populations. Enteric pathogens localized at subsurface sites on leafy green plant tissue prevent their...

law transforms reality, de iure and de facto, inasmuch as it attempts to bridge the gap between that which is done de facto and that which is regulated de iure. it is standard practice, for alfonso X of Castile, to reinvent the means of writing the law. he does not limit himself to compiling or revising existing legal statutes; rather, he elevates the corpus of the law to the level of juridical...

M-81, a new water-soluble basic peptide antibiotic, was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus subsp. psychrophilus AKU 2881, which produces cryomycin only at low temperatures. M-81 was produced at 20-37°C, but not below 20 C. M-81 was active against some Gram-positive bacteria. Its antimicrobial spectrum is more limited than those of cryomycin. It darkens at 208°-213°C with...

M. Neunlist,* P. Aubert,* S. Bonnaud, L. Van Landeghem, E. Coron, T. Wedel, P. Naveilhan, A. Ruhl, B. Lardeux, T. Savidge, F. Paris, and J. P. Galmiche INSERM U539, IMAD, University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; INSERM U601, 44093 Nantes, France; Department of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; INSERM U643, 44093 Nantes, France; Technical University Munich, Department of Human...

The epidemiology and clinical presentations of giardiasis are reviewed to provide a basis of understanding the laboratory aspects of this parasitic infection. Diagnosis is then discussed in light of recent studies that challenge our overall approach to the diagnosis of enteric parasites and demonstrate the need for further evaluation on the basis of cost-effectiveness as well as reliability and...

The Enteric-Tek wheel (Flow Laboratories), consisting of 14 different biochemical parameters for rapidly identifying Enterobacteriaceae, was evaluated and compared with the conventional method for completely identifying 301 enteric cultures, representing 36 species. The Enteric-Tek system correctly identified 264 (97.8%) of the 270 common or typical strains and 26 (83.9%) of the 31 unusual or a...