Historically, the use of animals for research has been important in the biomedical sciences and in the field of toxicology, but there are ethical obligations on the scientific community to follow the Three Rs of animal experimentation1 (i.e. Refinement, Reduction and Replacement), whenever it is feasible. There are also scientific, economic and regulatory restrictions, as well as societal conce...

Most vaccines for human use are complex biological mixtures consisting of one or more vaccine antigens and an adjuvant product to enhance the immune response. Consequently, vaccine batch release is based on extensive statutory required quality control emphasizing final lot testing. Traditionally, this area of research and testing requires large numbers of animals while levels of pain and suffer...

As stated at the 2003 Workshop on Satellite Data Applications and Information Extraction, there is a pressing need in today’s world to be able to “facilitate quick war fighting decisions that fully leverage the huge volumes of available information.” However, this can be a daunting task due to the massive amounts of data used to find intelligence about current situations and to predict future e...

1MD, PhD in Endocrinology, Full professor at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)/Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 2MSc, Graduate student in Health Sciences at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 3MSc, Graduate student in Gynecology and Obstetrics (PPGGO UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS...

As we have entered an era of high resolution earth observation, the RS data are undergoing an explosive growth. The proliferation of data also give rise to the increasing complexity of RS data, like the diversity and higher dimensionality characteristic of the data. RS data are regarded as RS ‘‘Big Data’’. Fortunately, we are witness the coming technological leapfrogging. In this paper, we give...

Soil respiration (Rs) plays a key role in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems. There is growing evidence that Rs is strongly correlated with canopy photosynthesis; however, how Rs is linked to aboveground attributes at various phenological stages, on the seasonal and diurnal scale, remains unclear. Using an automated closed dynamic chamber system, we assessed the seasonal and diurnal patter...

PURPOSE Retinoschisin (RS) is a retina-specific, secreted protein implicated in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis and essential for the structural and functional integrity of the retina. This biochemical characterization and ultrastructural localization of RS in intact murine retina was performed to further understanding of the molecular basis of its function. METHODS Subcellular fractions and ...

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS, Brazil. 1Pediatric Neurologist at Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS, Brazil; 2Resident of Pediatrics Neurology at Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS, Brazil; 3Resident of Pediatrics at Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS, Brazil; 4Medicine Graduation...

This paper presents an analysis of the Anchor Radio System (RS) handover method for Personal Access Communications System (PACS). This handover method provides a simple yet eeective solution without adding new requirements to the existing network infras-tructures. Based on this technique, inter-RS and inter-switch handovers can be achieved using a new RS-to-RS interface called Inter-RS Interfac...

Eduardo Maffini da Rosa1,2,3,4, Laís Merzoni1, Marcelo Nicola Branchi1 Instituição Universidade de Caxias do Sul1, Caxias do Sul, RS; Instituto de Cardiologia do RS Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, IC-FUC2, Porto Alegre, RS; Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica para Estudos Multicêntricos (IPCEM) do CECS-UCS3, Caxias do Sul, RS; Liga Acadêmica de Estudos e Ações em Cardiologia da Universidade de...