Pain is a major symptom in cancer patients, and most cancer patients with advanced or terminal cancers suffer from chronic pain related to treatment failure and/or tumor progression. In the present study, we examined the development of cancer pain in mice. Murine hepatocarcinoma cells, HCa-1, were inoculated unilaterally into the thigh or the dorsum of the foot of male C3H/HeJ mice. Four weeks ...

The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimal liquid culture conditions in shake flasks for maximal sporulation of Beauveria bassiana. The optimal initial pH for the spore production of B. bassiana using Potato Dextrose Broth was 5.2. The screening in shake flasks of carbon and nitrogen sources resulted in the identification of an optimal medium based on 3% sucrose and 1% c...

To establish an experimental persistent infection of the brain with human adenoviruses, adenovirus type 6 (ad 6) was inoculated intracerebrally into young adult hamsters. Hamsters appeared languid for a few days after inoculation, but recovered rapidly. By cocultivation of tissue fragments with HeLa cells, ad 6 was always recovered from the brains of hamsters throughout their lives, as long as ...

phytophthora root and crown rot of soybean is known as a destructive disease of soy-bean both through out the world and in iran. physiologic races of phytophthora soja were determined in this research and also a fast, accurate and simple method for inoculation of soybean to test race specific resistance. during the years　2001-4, infected soybean plants at different growth stages were collected ...

Intracerebral inoculation of 4-day-old rats with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (E-350 strain) produced a nonfatal, acute, severe, and permanent cerebellar necrosis with minimal histological evidence of inflammation. Virus persisted in the brain at high titers for 30 to 40 days and was finally cleared about 120 days after infection. Rabbit anti-rat lymphoid serum prevented cerebellar necros...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 11601 was tested for its ability to maintain viability in minimal, chemically defined solutions. Periodic monitoring of growth and survival in microcosms of different ion concentrations, maintained at various temperatures, showed a gradual decline in culturable organisms ( approximately 235 days) at 5 degrees C. Organisms maintained at a higher temp...

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is an important vegetable in India, where it mostly grown the states of Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. India world's second largest producer cauliflower with over 8.84 million tonnes produced annually (Food Agriculture Organization, 2020). In August 2019, sunken, dark brown stem lesions, covered acervuli, were observed on s...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of the H5N1 subtype have spread since 2003 in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Europe and Africa. In Korea, the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks took place in 2003/2004, 2006/2007 and 2008. As the 2006/2007 isolates differ phylogenetically from the 2003/2004 isolates, we assessed the clinical responses of chickens, ducks and quail...

Mature laying chickens were inoculated intratracheally with a field strain of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus. Tracheal swabs were collected regularly from all birds for virus culture. At various times post-inoculation, pairs of birds were killed and tissues removed for detection of virus products using conventional tissue homogenization and culture, organ culture, indirect immunofluor...