Color embedded image compression is investigated by means of a set of core experiments that seek to evaluate the advantages of various color transformations, spatial orientation trees and the use of monochrome embedded coding schemes such as EZW and SPIHT. In order to take advantage of the interdependencies of the color components for a given color space, two new spatial orientation trees that ...

Natural pigments are normally products of complex biosynthesis pathways where many different enzymes are involved. Corals and related organisms of class Anthozoa represent the only known exception: in these organisms, each of the host-tissue colors is essentially determined by a sequence of a single protein, homologous to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria. This direct s...

A recent study (1) reports the spatial clustering patterns of the global distribution of human infectious diseases. However, there are some controversial issues that arise from the beta diversity partitioning method used in the paper. To further debate these issues, we follow the same notations in the paper (1) by writing the Sorensen beta diversity index as βsor = ðb+ cÞ=ð2a+ b+ cÞ. Here, a is...

Existing of racial, ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity in different countries, has forced their educational system committed to decent response to the phenomenon of diversity of their communities in ways worthy of attention in national educational curriculum. Multicultural education is a kind of approach that responds to cultural diversity in a society and its educational system. T...

Color is one of the most prominent features of an image and used in many skin and face detection applications. Color space transformation is widely used by researchers to improve face and skin detection performance. Despite the substantial research efforts in this area, choosing a proper color space in terms of skin and face classification performance which can address issues like illumination ...

Many extant species are at risk to go extinct. This impending loss of species is likely to cause changes in future ecosystem functions. Ecological components of diversity, such as dietary or habitat specializations, can be used to estimate the impact of extinctions on ecosystem functions. As an approach to estimate the impact of future extinctions, we tested interdependency between ecological a...

biodiversity plays a crucial role in stability and productivity of natural ecosystem. the main goal of this research was to classify ecological groups in steppe rangeland and investigate their relationships with plant diversity indices. therefore, fifty different land unit tracts (lut) were identified in khod-neuk basin, yazd province, iran, in 2010. vegetation and soil samples were taken in th...