conclusions midazolam could be used as a safe and effective drug for conscious sedation, general anaesthetic premedication and the treatment of seizures during dental treatment. however, further research on paediatric patients would be beneficial. evidence acquisition to conduct this review of the literature, pub-med and scopus were searched using the following terms: midazolam, oral, transmuco...

background: benzodiazepine (bzd) toxicity alone or with other drugs is common in poisoning emergency departments of iran. the aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular findings in patients with benzodiazepine poisoning upon admission to the emergency department. methods: in a prospective study which was followed by retrospective analysis, 267 patients poisoned with bzd were evaluated...

background: agitation is an early symptom of the acute opioid withdrawal syndrome in addicts that may start by inappropriate use of naltrexone. the current drug interventions are not efficient or need critical care as well. this study compares the clinical role of midazolam and diazepam for the management of agitation due to inappropriate use of naltrexone. materials and methods: in this double...

The purpose of this report is to describe the use of flumazenil as a diagnostic aid in the differential diagnosis of coma in a patient with an inadvertent overdose of benzodiazepines. We report a patient with suspected septic encephalopathy whose level of consciousness markedly improved following flumazenil administration. Subsequent analysis revealed the presence of benzodiazepines and their m...

INTRODUCTION Aging of the population results in an increase in senior drivers. Elderly are frequently treated with benzodiazepines and antidepressants. The objective of this study was to determine whether the concurrent use of benzodiazepines and antidepressants is associated with motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) in the elderly. METHODS This was a nested case-control study within a cohort of dr...

Benzodiazepines are frequently encountered in forensic toxicology. A literature search was conducted to find a simple method using electron impact-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (EI-GC-MS) to examine whole blood specimens for the most commonly encountered benzodiazepines in the United States. A recently published method was identified in the literature search and used as a starting point ...

BACKGROUND Undisclosed use of illicit drugs and prescription controlled substances is frequent in some settings. The aim of the present study was to estimate the reliability of self-reported use of amphetamine, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, methadone, and opiates among acutely hospitalized medical patients. METHODS Patients admitted to an acute medical department were ...

A meta-analytic review of the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in generalized anxiety disorder was conducted. The main substance classes were compared: benzodiazepines and azapirones. The impact of methodological variables was investigated such as sample size and use of a placebo run-in. After a comprehensive literature search to May 2002 (via databases, hand search, secondary sources, int...

Crit Care Med 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 12 (Suppl.) 81 adult patients admitted to the ICU of a Level I trauma center for ≥48 hours. Subjects were screened for posttraumatic stress symptoms during hospitalization, and 3, 6, and 12 months later. BU was converted to lorazepam equivalents and dosage subgroups were created. Patient characteristics were compared using t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests...

Abrupt cessation of regular use of alcohol in a dependent person causes a withdrawal syndrome that may range from mild to extremely severe. Most patients require pharmacologic intervention, especially those with severe symptoms. Historically, the pharmacotherapy of alcohol withdrawal has involved a wide variety of agents. Benzodiazepines are currently preferred due to their consistently high de...