 References Approximately a third of breast cancer incidence is related to lifestyle choices, and the risk for developing the disease varies among ethnicities [1]. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body size and shape, physical activity, and diet are all modifiable factors associated with breast cancer risk [1-3]. However, not much is known of the combined effects of the risk factors. So...

Schistosomiasis is an excellent example of the evasion of the immune response by a parasite. The trematode worms responsible for this disease can survive for many years inside the blood vessels of vertebrate hosts and are apparently undisturbed by the potent humoral and cell-mediated responses which they have been shown to induce. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the survival ...

Concentration ofradon in supply air 3 pCi/1 Minimum reduction factor for radon 100 Time for which reduction must be maintained 10 days ^—— 7 • From the tests completed recently2 at the SNO underground laboratory at the INCO Creighton mine it was found that activated charcoal has considerable adsorption capacity even at room temperature for the removal ofradon from compressed air. It was also f...

In the report “Progress Toward Global Eradication of Dracunculiasis, January 2016–June 2017,” on page 1328, the last sentence of the third paragraph should have read “The 14 Dracunculus specimens came from four baboons and nine dogs from Ethiopia and one dog from Chad.” On page 1331, under “Discussion,” the first sentence of the second paragraph should have read “Additional interventions, inclu...

In Brazil, more than 99% of malaria cases are reported in the Amazon, and the State of Amazonas accounts for 40% of this total. However, the accumulated experience and challenges in controlling malaria in this region in recent decades have not been reported. Throughout the fi rst economic cycle during the rubber boom (1879 to 1912), malaria was recorded in the entire state, with the highest inc...

bacteria and of bacterial DNA in bladders of asymptomatic adult women, the viability of these bacteria remains unclear. Unfortunately, both methods would be insufficient to differentiate between two distinct previously hypothesized scenarios: (1) that diverse populations of bacteria can colonize the adult female bladder and influence urinary tract health (Maskell; Fairley: Others) and (2) that ...

The characterisation of the risk of (new) chemicals to species/communities, when both the exposure/environmental concentration and effects (species sensitivity) are variable and uncertain, is the central issue in Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment. The spatial variability is one of the largest components of the total variability. This paper tries to explicitly account for this spatial ...