PURPOSE To identify criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); to estimate the percentage of children and youth that met each standard; and to discuss strategies to help improve the utility of criterion-referenced standards for population health research. METHODS A search of four databases was undertaken to identify papers that reported criterion-referenced CRF standa...

Sixty eight children born in 1977 who were taking part in an unrelated study of childhood asthma were selected to have their serum cholesterol concentrations measured at birth, and at 4 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 11 years of age. Concentrations of high density lipoprotein were measured at 5 and 11 years. Cholesterol values increased rapidly from birth and plateaued at 1 year. There was a fur...

Subject A total of 203 simple obesity group included 153 boys and 50 girls with mean age 10.15±1.95 y and 432 obesity with metabolic abnormalities group (hypertension, elevated fasting blood glucose or dyslipidemia, diagnosis was achieved if any of them was reached) included 314 boys and 118 girls with mean age 10.75±2.20 y were studied. The controls consisted of 315 age and gender-matched heal...

Background: menarche is one of the most significant milestones in a woman’s life with nutritional status being one of the important non genetic determinants of menarcheal age. Objective: to determine the relationship between age at menarche and anthropometric measurements among adolescent secondary school girls in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: four hundred and seventy nine adolescent girls w...

To study subjective body dimensions in a sample of the adolescent and young female general population using a body site perception apparatus, and to obtain profile charts for different age groups. The subjects were 802 female adolescents and young girls ranging in age from 11 to 24, students at different schools and at University. The evaluation technique used was a new method for assessing bod...

Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon for females indicating her capability for procreation and abnormalities of menstruation are a major gynaecological problem in adolescence. However, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common. The objectives of the study were to find out the age of menarche among the Adolescent girls of the urban slum, to st...

Precocious puberty (PP) has traditionally been defined as pubertal changes occurring before age 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. A secular trend toward earlier puberty has now been confirmed by recent studies in both the United States and Europe. Factors associated with earlier puberty include obesity, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), and intrauterine growth restriction. In 1997, a st...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to find out the age when tibiofemoral angle starts to be in valgus and reaches maximum angle. The differences of the angles between genders were also studied. METHODOLOGY This cross sectional study on tibiofemoral angle was conducted among 160 normal healthy children using clinical measurement method. The children between 2 18 months to 6 years old were ass...

BACKGROUND Menarche age is an important indicator of reproductive health of a woman or a community. In industrial societies, age at menarche has been declining over the last 150 years with a secular trend, and similar trends have been reported in some developing countries. Menarche age is affected by genetic and environmental cues, including nutrition. The study was designed to determine the ag...

Two-level polynomial models are used to summarize the amount Sella-Gnathion (S-Gn) and direction Nasion-Sella-Gnathion (N-S-Gn) of growth changes for the cephalometric landmark gnathion. Growth descriptions pertain to a mixed longitudinal sample of 209 French-Canadian children 10-15 years of age. The boy's growth curve attains mean minimum prepubertal velocity at 10.8 years and maximum pubertal...