The presence of tumor-reactive CTLs in tumor infiltrates and in the peripheral blood of cancer patients demonstrates an immune response against tumors that apparently cannot control disease spread. This raises concerns as to whether amplification of this response may be useful during disease progression. Induction of tumor-reactive CTLs in healthy donors at risk, as well as in patients free of ...

Next we discuss how to use communication complexity to prove lower bounds on the performance — meaning space, query time, and approximation — of data structures. Our case study will be the high-dimensional approximate nearest neighbor problem. There is a large literature on data structure lower bounds. There are several different ways to use communication complexity to prove such lower bounds, ...

Various treatment methods have been adopted in the management of warts; however, there is still no consensus on first-line treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of warts. Over the course of 1 yr, 369 patients with recalcitrant or untreated warts were exposed to a long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The following parameters were used: spot...

This class is mostly about impossibility results — lower bounds on what can be accomplished by algorithms. However, our perspective will be unapologetically that of an algorithm designer. We’ll learn lower bound technology on a “need-to-know” basis, guided by fundamental algorithmic problems that we care about (perhaps theoretically, perhaps practically). That said, we will wind up learning qui...

Abstract The objective of this meta-analysis was to explore variability in milk production associated with rumen fermentation parameters and diet characteristics. Data were extracted from 138 journal articles used derive 6 models predict MY. Each model considered a different set independent variables, including (R), (D) their combination (R+D), or without interactions pH. Rumen included total v...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production requires a large amount of nitrogen (N) supply because growers aim to achieve high grain yield and appropriate protein content simultaneously. A comprehensive understanding the mechanisms that underpin efficient N usage at limited in wheat can facilitate development new N-saving varieties this major crop. Here, we performed comparative analysis flag leaf ...

We’ve finished our discussion of models of data and now conclude the course with two lectures on novel ways of proving relative approximation guarantees. This lecture is about resource augmentation, where the idea to compare a protagonist (like your algorithm) that is endowed with “extra resources” to an all-powerful opponent that is handicapped by “less resources”. Subject to this, we use stan...

We first give a brief introduction to the field of property testing. Section 3 gives upper bounds for the canonical property of “monotonicity testing,” and Section 4 shows how to derive property testing lower bounds from communication complexity lower bounds. We won’t need to develop any new communication complexity; our existing toolbox (specifically, Disjointness) is already rich enough to de...