The effects of global climate changes occur in the rising sea level, higher lake level, stronger more frequent storms and extreme temperature. And these changes will have real impacts on the natural environment as well as human-made infrastructures. For example, Acqua alta, or "high water", flooded Venice in Italy with more a meter of salty lagoon water in December, 2008. The acqua alta which w...

In this paper the main factors that influence the Caspian Sea level rising and the probable and improbable factors are discussed in detail. A cyclical behavior of the level of the Caspian Sea according to local records was proposed. This cyclic fluctuation of the sea level is the long-term behavior of the sea so that the investigation is not restricted to a specific time interval. The statistic...

Sea ice monitoring is quite important from the global warming point of view. Sea ice thickness is one of the most important parameters for understanding the heat flux of sea ice area. Usually, sea ice thickness is measured by drilling a hole on the sea ice. However, this work does take a lot of time. In order to effectively measure sea ice thickness from an icebreaker deck, in 2000, the authors...

background: the variation of the radon progeny concentration in outdoor environment and meteorological parameters at fine resolution were studied for one year at a continental location, national atmospheric research laboratory, gadanki, india.  materials and methods: the concentrations were measured using alpha progeny meter by collecting air samples at a height of 1 m above the earth’s surface...

Sperm specific lactate dehydrogenases (LDH-C₄) is a lactate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. In mammals, Ldh-c was originally thought to be expressed only in testes and spermatozoa. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), which belongs to the genus Ochotona of the Ochotonidea family, is a hypoxia-tolerant mammal living 3000-5000 m above sea level on the Qinghai-Tib...

We investigate the effect of halo activity on the electrostatic field measured at ground level. We use electrostatic arguments as well as self-consistent simulations to show that, due to the screening charge in the ionosphere, the distant electrostatic field created by the uncompensated charge in a thundercloud decays exponentially rather than as the third power of the distance. Furthermore, si...

We interviewed 21 sheep farmers and evaluated their electric fences to identify problems and determine efficacy of electric fences to prevent coyote (Canis latrans) predation. Modified woven wire fences and fences of 9 high-tensile smooth wires alternating charged and grounded were most effective in preventing coyote predation. The most serious problems in fence design and maintenance were a) b...

Conventional applications of matched-field processing (MFP) use large aperture vertical arrays and low frequency signals. It is well known that MFP’s sensitivity to environmental mismatch is proportional to frequency. Thus, real-world application of MFP to mid-frequency signals, e.g., 800 3000 Hz, is generally regarded a very difficult problem. Using small aperture vertical arrays can also comp...

Sea-level rise from melting of polar ice sheets is one of the largest potential threats of future climate change. Polar warming by the year 2100 may reach levels similar to those of 130,000 to 127,000 years ago that were associated with sea levels several meters above modern levels; both the Greenland Ice Sheet and portions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet may be vulnerable. The record of past ice-sh...