Specificity of physical exercises is one of the main factors which could affect musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this research is to make a comparison about postural abnormalities of the spine and lower limbs between female taekwondo athletes and non-athletes. Samples of current research were 50 female black-belt taekwondo athletes and 50 non-athletes. To measure kyphosis and lordosis, fl...

Background and Purpose: Frequent throwing Movements can change its muscular strength and range of motion balance shoulder athletes compared to non-athletes. The purpose of this study was to the comparison of strength ratio between agonist and antagonist muscles and range of motion of the shoulder in volleyball players and non-athletes. Research Method: Thirty female volleyball players (mean age...

thermal barrier coatings (tbcs) are used to provide thermal insulation to the hot section components of gas turbines in order to enhance the operating temperature and turbine efficiency. hot corrosion and thermal shocks are the main destructive factors in tbcs which comes as a result of oxygen and molten salt diffusion into the coating. in this thesis atmospheric plasma spraying was used to dep...

the present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of focused highlighted error feedback on grammatical accuracy of writing among iranian intermediate efl learners. after selecting 52 homogenous participants from among 70 university students attending azad university of rasht and randomly dividing them into two intact groups of 26 students, the researcher exposed the participants of th...

the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

the purpose of the research is to examine if integrating cooperative learning into vocabulary learning helps to increase word recognition of students in an elementary school in iran. it tries to investigate whether cooperative learning approach enables students to improve their language learning. this research used stad (students team achievement division) as a cooperative model in this study. ...

  Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the levels of GH, IGF1, insulin, estradiol, serum lipids and CBC between prepubertal female athletes and non-athletes.   Materials & Methods: Experimental group included 15 prepubertal gymnasts (10.89±1.6 y, 141.73±12.26 cm, 34.93±6.84 kg), 7 prepubertal fighters (12.14±2.03 y, 146.71±5.79 cm, 38.29±5.06 kg), 11 prepubertal swimmers ...

Background and Aim: Some activities, such as exhaustive exercises, can lead to increased inflammatory indices, muscle injury, and enzymes in the blood. Caffeine supplementation diminishes inflammation and pain. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of caffeine supplementation on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-crp) and creatine kinase (CK) after exhaustive aerobic exerc...