BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity is crucial for clinical decision-making and optimizing patient outcomes. Recent advances in real-time three dimensional (3D) echocardiography provide the option of real-time full volume color Doppler echocardiography (FVCD) measurements. This makes it practical to quantify MR by subtracting aortic stroke volume from the volume...

Methods Our case was a 62-year-old male. He was suffering from shortness of breath and easy fatigability for 5 years. His past medical history was significant for upper gastrointestinal bleeding three times in the past 20 years. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) confirmed severe mitral regurgitation caused by severe prola...

Background Global longitudinal strain (GLS), has shown utility in detecting early subclinical LV dysfunction and has demonstrated significant efficacy in evaluating patients for chemotherapy cardiotoxicity. However, echocardiography is often reliant on operator experience and adequate quality windows for assessment. CMR is not subject to limitations of poor image quality due to its superior end...

BACKGROUND In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), LV midwall fractional shortening (FS) is used as a measure of LV systolic performance that is more physiologically appropriate than conventional FS. For evaluation of LV volume and ejection fraction (EF), 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is more accurate than M-mode echocardiography. The purpose of this study was to assess systo...

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was conducted during mitral valve replacement (MVR) in six cases. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated the prosthetic valve as an ovalshaped, echogenic ring and highly echogenic disc which showed rhythmical to-and-fro movement. Using two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography (2D-CD-TEE), the regurgitant flow was demonstrated as the toward flo...

Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography was used to examine the aortic regurgitant flow velocity pattern in 32 patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and 10 patients without AR. The aortic regurgitant flow velocity patterns, characterized by a rapid rise in flow velocity immediately after closure of the aortic valve, high peak flow velocity, and a gradual deceleration until the next aortic va...

Several methods of analysis are available for quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction using three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. This study compared the accuracy and reproducibility of five methods of analysis in a novel, irregularly shaped dynamic heart phantom with excellent image quality. Five 3D datasets were acquired on a Philips IE33 platform using an X5-1 3D ...

Plasma atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptide levels were compared to determine if transmitral flow velocity pattern is an instantaneous marker of body fluid balance in anuric patients on hemodialysis (HD). We measured plasma ANP and BNP levels and performed Doppler echocardiography in 38 anuric patients before and after HD. Patients with valvular disease, left ventricular systolic dy...

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats is characterized by concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and both diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Although impaired cardiac function detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in cats with HCM was previously reported, reference ranges of TDI in normal cats and cats with HCM have been reported as widely variable. Two-dimensional speckle trackin...

Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is an imaging technique applied to the analysis of left atrial function. STE provides a non-Doppler, angle-independent and objective quantification of left atrial myocardial deformation. Data regarding feasibility, accuracy and clinical applications of left atrial strain are rapidly gathering. This review describes the fundamental concepts of left atrial ...