" Liveness detection " , a technique used to determine the vitality of a submitted biometric, has been implemented in fingerprint scanners in recent years. The goal for the LivDet 2011 competition is to compare software-based fingerprint liveness detection methodologies (Part 1), as well as fingerprint systems which incorporate liveness detection capabilities (Part 2), using a standardized test...

Reusing a code fragment by copying and pasting with or without minor modifications is a technique frequently used by programmers, and thus software systems often have duplicate fragments of code in them. Such duplicated fragments are called code clones or simply clones. Although cloning is beneficial in some cases and often programmers intentionally use it, it can be detrimental to software mai...

INTRODUCTION Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that enable the brain to send and receive information to and from a computer, bypassing the body’s own efferent and afferent pathways. BCIs have been used in experimental animal models to augment perception, motor control and even memory (Velliste et al., 2008; Berger et al., 2011; Torab et al., 2011). Human BCIs include cochlear implant...

1.1 Current status of ovarian cancer Ovarian cancer is one of the leading female cancers around the world (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2011). Up to now, there is no effective method of early detection (US Task Force of Preventive Services, 2011). When detected, the stages are usually advanced, and patients have poor prognosis and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Pat...