Currently cancer gene therapy using recombinant DNA technology provides a new and promising treatment models aim to destruction the malignant growth (Qian et al., 2004; Xing et al., 2011). A variety of gene therapy-based anticancer strategies have been tested in animal tumor models, including selective activation of prodrugs, genetic immunotherapy, antiangiogenic actions and replacement of tumo...

The 20S proteasomes are large complexes that play crucial roles in protein quality control and in regulating many cellular functions in eukaryotic cells such as the cell cycle, transcription, cell signaling, cell death (Ciechanover et al., 2000). At least two families of proteasome activator complexes have been found, the 19S proteasome (also known as PA700) and the 11S proteasome (also known a...

During the last decade, Web 2.0 applications, including blogs, wikis, social networking, social bookmarking, media sharing, podcasting, etc., have received intense and growing educational and research interest (Clark et al. 2009; Ravenscroft 2009; Schroeder et al. 2010). It is widely considered that Web 2.0 applications, while not designed specifically for educational purposes, have a number of...

Free radicals are highly reactive substances produced continuously during metabolic processes. They participate mainly in physiological events such as the immune response, metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids, and inflammatory reaction. The balance between free radicals and antioxidants is disrupted in many diseases. This disruption may be attributed to a number of factors such as the inabilit...

Metmyoglobin (MbFe), a major form of dietary iron, is an efficient inducer of lipid and protein oxidation. Indeed, MbFe is able to cleave hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides with subsequent formation of ferrylmyoglobin (MbFe=O) and lipid oxyl and peroxyl radicals. In the first part of this work, the mechanism of the reaction between MbFe and H2O2 is revisited with an emphasis on the infl...

In modeling heat transfer in gas-solid processing systems, five interphase thermal processes are to be considered: gas-particle, gas-wall, particle-particle, particle-wall and wall-environment. In systems with intensive motion of particles, the particle-particle and particle-wall heat transfers occur through inter-particle and particle-wall collisions so that both experimental and modeling stud...

An adequate service life of wooden structures in the sea is ensured only: If wood is treated with biocide wood preservatives with high retention level or; If some tropical hardwoods, with known natural resistance, are used. However, the poor public image of use the tropical hardwoods, as contribution to deforestation at one hand and legal requirements to restrict the use of biocide preservative...

Although trait leadership theory has been widely criticized by scholars over the past century (Stogdill, 1948; Mann, 1959) employers always want to know what kind of abilities and psychological traits distinguish their future employees. The trait approach plays an important part in human resource management practices for selecting, developing and planning the career paths of managers (Armstrong...

Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively) are attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens that cause severe diarrheal disease. An integral mechanism in the virulence strategy of A/E pathogens is the ability to subvert innate immune signaling by down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-8, a pro-inflammatory chemokine that functions to recruit neutrophi...

Simulaid performs a large number of simulation-related tasks: interconversion and modification of structure and trajectory files, optimization of orientation, and a large variety of analysis functions. The program can handle structures in PDB (Berman et al., Nucleic Acids Res 2000, 28, 235), Charmm (Brooks et al., J Comput Chem 4, 187) CRD, Amber (Case et al.), Macromodel (Mohamadi et al., J Co...