Soil microbial communities maintain many ecosystem functions including decomposition and symbiotic nutrient uptake. Prior field studies have focused on either geospatial or relatively large-time scale trends in these communities. Whereas, their small-time (e.g., weekly) dynamics agricultural fields largely been overlooked. Our objective was to determine the effects characteristics of short-time...

ecological studies on range plants enhance our knowledge on the rangeland ecosystems which are useful for their planning and management.  by doing field and laboratory experiments during 2008-2009, ecological conditions were studied in the main habitats of z. atriplicoides in the rural and winter rangelands of northern khorasan province (nkp). forage quality was also studied at different phonol...

Empirical studies indicate that the exponents governing the scaling of plant respiration rates (R) with respect to biomass (M) numerically vary between three-fourth for adult plants and 1.0 for seedlings and saplings and are affected by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content. However, whether the scaling of R with respect to M (or N and P) varies among different phylogenetic groups (e.g., gymn...

OBJECTIVES To monitor antiviral drug resistance among seasonal influenza viruses isolated in Korea during the 2008-2009 influenza season, we examined influenza isolates collected through Korea Influenza Surveillance Scheme for antiviral drug susceptibility. METHODS For genetic analysis of antiviral drug resistance, the matrix (M2) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of each isolate were amplified by...

Leaf nitrogen distribution pattern was studied four times during the growing season in a 2-year-old Salix viminalis L. and Salix dasyclados Wimm. plantation in Estonia. We measured the vertical distributions of leaf nitrogen concentration, dry mass, leaf area and light environment (as fractional transmission of diffuse irradiance, a(d)) in the canopy. The light-independent nitrogen pool was eva...