Early anthropoid evolution in Afro-Arabia is poorly documented, with only a few isolated teeth known from before approximately 35 million years ago. Here we describe craniodental remains of the primitive anthropoid Biretia from approximately 37-million-year-old rocks in Egypt. Biretia is unique among early anthropoids in exhibiting evidence for nocturnality, but derived dental features shared w...

Bokermannohyla nanuzae (Bokermann & Sazima 1973) and B. feioi (Napoli & Caramaschi 2004) belong to the B. cir-cumdata species group. The type locality of the former is Serra do Cipó, Espinhaço mountain range, and of the latter is Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Mantiqueira mountain range, both in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Differences on dorsal draw-ing pattern of adults, oral disc morphology of...

We propose a method of generating teaching policies for use in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for concept learning tasks [37], e.g., teaching students the meanings of words by showing images that exemplify their meanings à la Rosetta Stone [30] and Duo Lingo [13]. The approach is grounded in control theory and capitalizes on recent work by [28], [29] that frames the “teaching” problem as th...

Habitual dietary intake is a complex behavior that may have both biological and nonbiological bases. We estimated the contribution of genetic and environmental influences on dietary intake in a large population-based sample of healthy twins. Data originated from a cross-sectional study of 600 male and female healthy twin pairs with self-reported food consumption frequency using a validated ques...

Since 1979, relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran have oscillated periods of overt hostility apparent rapprochement, yet since 2003 the two engaged in a vitriolic competition that has spread across regional affairs, to devastating effect Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, Iraq Yemen. Central much this are efforts securitise other eyes external audiences, discursively presenting rivalry language securit...

Many studies have examined the physical changes expected in the environment as a result of anthropogenic forcing. These physical changes will have an effect on ecosystems as well. In this study, a nitrogenphytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) model is used to examine the effects of environmental changes on primary productivity in the North Pacific ocean. The physical variables considered are mixed la...