Protease inhibitors play a role in regulating proteases during cellular development and in plant defense. We cloned and sequenced cDNA encoding six protease inhibitors expressed in soybean roots infected with soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and determined their expression patterns. Four of these protease inhibitors are novel and have not been reported previously. Using RT-PCR, we measured the relat...

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth., commonly known as Siris is a mimosoid tree legume widely distributed in Pakistani soils. The roots of A. lebbeck establish symbiosis with root nodule bacteria and form nodules which develop singly as well as in clusters on the primary and secondary roots. Mature nodules are oblate, elongate, branched and coralloid. Rhizobia in root nodules from naturally nodulated p...

Recent declines in sea grass distribution underscore the importance of understanding microbial community structure-function relationships in sea grass rhizospheres that might affect the viability of these plants. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses showed that sulfate-reducing bacteria and clostridia were enriched in sediments colonized by the sea grasses Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum...

Gayo area is the largest Arabica coffee production in Asia. The materials used this research were beans which are natural, semi-washed, and fully-washed processed coffee. This study aimed to determine physicochemical of green bean will various processing. moisture content three 9.78%, 9.60% 11.03% for semi-washed full-washed processing, respectively. ash ranged from 3.19% natural processing 4.3...

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in Korea. More frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. Root crowns were u...

OBJECTIVE The study was designed to test application of ultraviolet light to root canal walls, as a mean of complementary immediate disinfection after the use of sodium hypochlorite. STUDY DESIGN Root canals were infected ex vivo with Enterococcus faecalis for 48 hours. Non-attached bacteria were washed away, and the remaining attached bacteria were subjected to disinfection, with 5% sodium h...

Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in the peanut cultivar COAN is inherited as a single, dominant gene. The mechanism of resistance to M. arenaria in COAN was evaluated in three experiments. In the first experiment the number of second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. arenaria penetrating roots of the susceptible cultivar Florunner was higher than the number of J2 penetrating roots of the resistant p...