General Methods Unless otherwise stated, reactions were performed in flame-dried glassware under argon atmosphere and using anhydrous solvents. All commercially obtained reagents were used as received unless otherwise noted. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using E. Merck silica gel 60 F254 precoated plates (0.25 mm). Visualization of the developed chromatogram was performed by UV,...

All reactions were carried out with magnetic stirring under an atmosphere of argon in oven-dried glassware. Methanol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and stored in an anhydrous atmosphere. Sodium acetate was purchased from Aldrich and stored under anhydrous atmosphere. H NMR spectra were recorded on Varian 400 MHz spectrometer at ambient temperature or a Bruker Avance III 500 (500 MHz). Data is...

Ethylene oxide (EO) is a genotoxicant and a mouse lung carcinogen, but whether EO is carcinogenic through a mutagenic mode of action remains unclear. To investigate this question, 8-week-old male Big Blue B6C3F₁ mice (10 mice/group) were exposed to EO by inhalation-6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks (0, 10, 50, 100, or 200 ppm EO) and 8 or 12 weeks (0, 100, or 200 ppm EO). Lung DNA samples were a...

Background: Antioxidant activities of plant extracts are being studied to increase the shelf life of fish products. Some plants such as Urtica dioica L. (nettle) can be a good source of antioxidants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic and water extracts of nettle leaf on the chemical properties of superchilled minced meat of the common kilka fish (Clupeone...

In vitro culture establishment is one of the most important stages in micropropagation. The disinfectant effectiveness depends on type surface disinfectant, concentration and time treatment. this initial study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as a for petioles, flower stalks stems Begonia tuberous. addition, thin cell layer (TCL) technique has been applied purpose somatic embryogenesis. ...

CBA/Ca male mice have been exposed to benzene in air at 10, 25, 100, 300, 400, and 3000 ppm for variable intervals 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for up to 16 weeks. Two weeks of inhaling 10 ppm produced no hematologic effects; 25 ppm induced a significant lymphopenia. Inhalation of 100, 300, and 400 ppm produced dose-dependent decreases in blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cellularity, marrow content of s...

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions were evaluated for their virucidal ability against a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV), H7N1. HOCl solutions containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm chlorine (pH 6) or their sprayed solutions (harvested in dishes placed at 1 or 30 cm distance between the spray nozzle and dish) were mixed with the virus with or without organic materials (5% fetal bovine serum: ...

Recent experiments in the USA show that concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) of 2,500 ppm can negatively affect cognitive performance in particular the decision-making. They suggest that CO2 should be considered as the unwanted pollutant at concentrations likely to occur indoors. CO2 is a human metabolite, thereby its main source indoors are humans. The indoor concentrations of CO2 are betwee...