In a general algebraic setting, we state some properties of commutators of reflexive admissible relations. After commutator theory in Universal Algebra has been discovered about thirty years ago [12], many important results and applications have been found. An introduction to commutator theory for congruence modular varieties can be found in [2] and [3]. Shortly after, results valid for larger ...

Let  be a set with  elements. A subset  of  ×  is a binary relation (or relation) on . The number of relations on  is 22. Equivalently, there are 2 2 labeled bipartite graphs on 2 vertices, assuming the bipartition is fixed and equitable. A relation  on  is reflexive if for all  ∈ , we have ( ) ∈ . The number of reflexive relations on  is 2(−1). A relation  on  is antisymm...

We present herein for the first time the asymmetric synthesis of drug-like spiranes through reflexive-Michael reaction by using 2-aminobuta-1,3-enyne catalysis under mild conditions.

-Wheeled-tracked vehicles are undoubtedly the most popular means of transportation. However, these vehicles are mainly suitable for relatively flat terrain. Legged vehicles, on the other hand, have the potential to handle wide variety of terrain. Robug IIs is a legged climbing robot designed to work in relatively unstructured and rough terrain. It has the capability of walking, climbing vertica...

In this state-of-the-art paper, important advances that have been made during the past five years for both general and interval type-2 fuzzy sets and systems are described. Interest in type-2 subjects is worldwide and touches on a broad range of applications and many interesting theoretical topics. The main focus of this paper is on the theoretical topics, with descriptions of what they are, wh...