Treatments of estrogens such as Estrone (E1), Estradiol (E2) and Ethinylestradiol (EE2) were conducted using an electrolytic reactor equipped with multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrodes. Experimental results showed that E1, E2 and EE2 were oxidized in the range of 0.45-0.85 V and were removed through electro-polymerization. Observed data from continuous experiments were in good agreemen...

A gene, presumably involved in spermatogenesis, was identified and characterized by using cDNA microarray. Hybridization intensity was 2.13 fold higher in adult testis than that in fetal testis. The full length of this gene was 4288 bp and it encoded a 578 amino acid protein. Conserved structure and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the protein contained 1 Thif-domain, 2 UBACT-domains,...

Cyclin E1 regulates the initiation of the S phase program in the mammalian cell division cycle. In normal cells, cyclin E1 protein expression is tightly controlled through a combination of transcriptional and proteolytic regulatory processes. However, in many types of human tumor, cyclin E1 expression is frequently dysregulated, including overexpression, nonperiodic expression relative to cell ...

SUMMARY The electrophoretic properties of glycoprotein E1 of Sindbis virus grown in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells were compared with those of Sindbis virus grown in untransformed cells. Isoelectric focusing in a gel containing 9-5 M-urea and 2~ Nonidet P40 indicated that the glycoprotein E1 of Sindbis virus from the untransformed cells was electrochemically heterogeneous and consisted of...

(4) Consider the point y = (1/2, 0, 0) ∈ Ω. Is y an interior point of Ω? Characterize all the feasible directions e = (e1, e2, e3) ∈ R at y (a picture could help). Is y a (strict) local maximizer of f? (5) Consider the point z = (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) ∈ Ω. Is z an interior point of Ω? Characterize all the feasible directions e = (e1, e2, e3) ∈ R at z. Is z a (strict) local maximizer of f? What is the ...

BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants are associated with maintenance of cellular function and metabolism. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, Nrf1) is known to regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of NFE2L1 on the response to oxidative stress in osteoblastic M...

Sumoylation is a post-translational modification affecting diverse cellular processes including DNA replication and repair, chromosome packing and dynamics, genome integrity, nuclear transport, signal transduction and cell proliferation [1]. Sumoylation involves the covalent attachment of a small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) protein to ε-amino group of lysine residues in specific target prote...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The role of cellular immunity in the clearance of hepatitis C virus after interferon therapy has not yet been elucidated. Here, we analyzed the T cell response to peptides from hepatitis C virus E1 protein in untreated and interferon-treated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. METHODS We used thirty-six 15-mer synthetic peptides from hepatitis C virus E1 protein...

background: milk is a valuable sources of nutrition in the human diet however; there are reports on safety of milk steroid hormones contain. this study designed to determine the level of steroid hormones including estrone (e1), 17β-estradiol (e2), and estriol (e3) in raw and pasteurized milk from non-pregnant and pregnant buffalos. methods: steroids was extracted using liquid extraction, enzyma...