Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenocysteine-containing flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized thioredoxin and plays a key role in regulating cellular redox homeostasis. In the present studies, we examined the effects of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a model sulfur mustard vesicant, on TrxR in lung epithelial cells. We speculated that vesicant-induced al...

We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an HD/agent T mixture (HT)]; nitrogen mustards [ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN1...

Cation (CEMs) and anion exchange membrane (AEMs) are commonly used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to enhance Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) by reducing the flux of oxygen through the cathode to bacteria on the anode. AEMs typically work better than CEMs, but in initial experiments we observed the opposite using a membrane electrode assembly MFC. The reason was identified to be membrane deformatio...

the zinc-cadmium oxide (zno-cdo) nanocomposites with different weight percentages of cadmium oxide (cdo) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the sonochemical method using zinc and cadmium nitrates as precursors to probe their nano-structured surfaces for the decomposition reactions of chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (ceps) as a surrogate of sulfur mustard agent simulant. scanning electron...

Vesicants are potent blistering agents. The prototype vesicant is sulphur mustard gas, first used in World War I, which still has no effective antidote. We used a mustard gas surrogate 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (CEES) to study the ability of resveratrol (RES) and pterostilbene (PTS), two well-established stilbene antioxidants, ebselen (EB-1), an organoselenium compound, and three EB-1 analog...

The stability of phosphoramide mustard, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide was studied at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The phosphorus signal of phosphoramide mustard disappeared with a half-life of 8 min indicating rapid conversion to other species. The final product, inorganic phosphate, appeared with a half-life of 105 min indicating that phosphoramide mustard w...

Novel O-ethyl O-heteroaryl 2-chloroethyl phosphonates have been prepared by condensing 2chloroethyl phosphonyl dichloride by the sequential addition of ethanol and –OH and –SH carrying heteroaryls. Attempts of the above reaction with –NH carrying heteroaryl (benzimidazole) furnished a different product than the expected one by different reaction path.