Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a form of transluminal natural orifice surgery (NOTES) that uses the beginnings submucosal endoscopy to make equivalent surgical myotomy. POEM can be done in most patients who have primary idiopathic achalasia demonstrated manometrically symptomatic. Previous therapies for achalasia, such as pneumatic balloon dilation, botulinum toxin injection, or myotomy, ...

BACKGROUND Various complications after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery have been reported, but peroral extrusion of peritoneal catheter is an extremely rare complication, and only 20 cases have been reported since 1987. The pathophysiology still remains unclear and the management is challenging. CASE DESCRIPTION A 5-year-old boy presented with a catheter coming out of his mouth. The b...

Peroral administration of viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the stomach of mice resulted in an acute systemic infection, with death occurring within 72 h. One strain, ATCC 19660, a non-encapsulated form of P. aeruginosa, had a median lethal dose of 5.3 X 10(6) colony-forming units, whereas two encapsulated strains, ATCC 17933 and 17934, had median lethal dose values of 5.0 x 10(7) and 5.6 x 10...

BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage liver disease have an increased risk of symptomatic gallstone disease, as well as complications associated with cholecystectomy. We hypothesized that peroral transpapillary cholecystoscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy of gallbladder stones is technically feasible and beneficial in patients who are high operative risks. DESIGN Observational, descriptive....

By applying a standard solution-generating transformation to an arbitrary vacuum Bianchi type II solution, one generates a new solution with spikes commonly observed in numerical simulations. It is conjectured that the spike solutions are part of the generalized Mixmaster attractor.

By applying a standard solution-generating transformation to an arbitrary vacuum Bianchi type II solution, one generates a new solution with spikes commonly observed in numerical simulations. It is conjectured that the spike solution is part of the generalized Mixmaster/billiard attractor.

The time-histogram method is a handy tool for capturing the instantaneous rate of spike occurrence. In most of the neurophysiological literature, the bin size that critically determines the goodness of the fit of the time-histogram to the underlying rate has been selected by individual researchers in an unsystematic manner. We propose an objective method for selecting the bin size of a time-his...