There is no doubt that nutritional status can have significant and sometimes profound effects on human mental performance (Table 1). This is evidenced by, for example, the consequences of chronic and severe food restriction (Smart, 1993), thiamin deficiency (Kanarek & Marks-Kaufman, 1991), and Fe deficiency (Pollitt, 1987). Acute effects of food and fluid ingestion have also been described, and...

BACKGROUND We estimate safe screening intervals for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR). METHODS A 6-year retrospective follow-up study to review screening results of two cohorts of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) was conducted; a cohort free of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and a cohort with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) at baseline. Patients had been screened ...

Limited joint mobility (LJM) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). LJM often is characterized by hand stiffness, but other joints may be involved. The prayer and tabletop signs may be used to detect limitation of joint mobility in the hands. Range of motion should be checked in the large joints as well as in the hand and finger joints. LJM should be distinguished from other muscul...

Limited joint mobility (LJM) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). LJM often is characterized by hand stiffness, but other joints may be involved. The prayer and tabletop signs may be used to detect limitation of joint mobility in the hands. Range of motion should be checked in the large joints as well as in the hand and finger joints. LJM should be distinguished from other muscul...

It is well-known that if T is a Dm–Dn bimodule map on the m×n complex matrices, then T is a Schur multiplier and ‖T‖cb = ‖T‖. If n = 2 and T is merely assumed to be a right D2-module map, then we show that ‖T‖cb = ‖T‖. However, this property fails if m ≥ 2 and n ≥ 3. For m ≥ 2 and n = 3, 4 or n ≥ m2 we give examples of maps T attaining the supremum C(m,n) = sup{‖T‖cb : T a right Dn-module map o...

This paper describes two experiments and a simulation, aimed at investigating the impact of specific features of the decision environment and of the organization of the information display on choice processes and outcomes. The first experiment compared a matrix organization with a Cartesian graph, while also manipulating the distribution of the decision weights and the dominance structure of th...

introduction common pool water resources (cpwrs) face overuse and congestion due to increased competition for the non-excludability and subtractability nature of their use. in the cpwrs conflicts, beneficiaries base their actions on individual rationality which negatively affect all users eventually due to the lack of trust between them, their self-optimizing tendencies, and inadequate informat...